전근대적 성 역할의 고정관념 뛰어넘기: 『그들의 눈은 신을 주시하고 있었다』의 제니 크로포드와 『인형의 집』의 노라 헬머의 비교

Abstract

Female gender roles have changed with the trend of the times and reflected the spirit of the age. After the ends of the two World Wars and the feminism in the 1950's spreading and developing, women had diverse experience such as choosing the working area, taking the high education, promoting the outburst of their voices, claimed the rights, and entering the core of the society, etc. Along with these alteration and through the change of the trend of art including literature, many authors and artists made lots of feministic works, and different (re)interpretations and critical (re)writings are actively revitalized. Furthermore, several art movements advanced contemporary thoughts and changed the atmosphere of the literature. After postmordenism, the artistic division has been incapacitated and the stream of the arts even cross over the different fields. Above all recently, the sense of the traditional biological sex get discolored forward transgender issues, homosexuality, or transsexuality. In the emasculative works, some artists change the contemporary creeds and values of gender role. For instance, by contrast with the past that had been insisted the women on being passive, subordinate, obedient, dependent, dutiful, domestic for men, some female protagonists have strong conviction and willing power. They show firm zest, subversive active energy, and resistance against the patriarchal society. After the 20th century, some critics and analysts excavated unknown feministic artists or denigrated works. They paved the way to the various point of view for those works. They show that almost artists and writers, who cross many border lines and want to remove racism and deconstruct the tradition or the stereotype of the gender role and rebuild the new sex/gender role, ultimately pursuit tolerance, harmony, humanism, and love for all human beings. In those literary works of the late of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th writers, this article focuses on Henrik Ibsen's A Doll's House(1879) and Zora Neale Hurston's Their Eyes Were Watching God(1937), especially takes note two female protagonists, Ibsen's Nora Helmer and Hurston's Jenie Crawford. This thesis aims at their sexual change and border crossing through their relationship related on their female friends and three males respectively, and highlight seeking their new identities.