청소년 학업탄력성 척도 개발과 타당화
Development and validation of the Youth Academic Resilience Scale
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본 연구에서는 청소년 학업탄력성의 구성요소를 확인하고 청소년의 학업탄력성을 측정할 수 있는 척도를 개발하고자 하였다. 이를 위하여 선행연구와 기존척도 고찰 및 중고등학생과 학부모 자유개방형 설문과 면담 결과를 토대로 학업탄력성의 구성요소로 가족지지, 동료관계, 문제해결력, 열망, 학업적 환경의 5요인을 추출하였다. 이후 청소년 학업탄력성 특성을 나타내는 문항으로 1차 예비척도를 구성하여 상담전문가 7명으로부터 내용타당도를 검증받고 3차에 걸친 예비조사를 실시하여 문항 수정 보완 후 55문항을 선정하였다. 전국 중고생 550명을 대상으로 자료를 수집하여 요인분석 한 결과 최종적으로 5요인 47문항의 척도를 개발하였다. 요인1은 가족지지(11문항), 요인2는 동료관계(9문항), 요인3는 문제해결력(10문항), 요인4는 열망(10문항), 요인5는 학업적 환경(7문항)으로 명명하였다. 확인적 요인분석을 실시하여 적합도 지수를 구한 결과 요인구조의 안정성이 검증되었다. 개발된 척도의 신뢰도 검증에서 척도 전체의 Cronbach α계수가 .93이고 5개 요인 각각의 신뢰도는 .84∼.89이다. Spearman- Brown 공식으로 전후반분 신뢰도를 산출한 결과 척도 전체의 신뢰도는 .89, 각 하위요인은 .80∼.90로 나타났다. 개발된 척도의 타당도 검증을 위해 중고생 129명을 대상으로 학업탄력성 척도, 자존감 척도, 무망감 척도간의 상관을 알아보았다. 학업탄력성 척도와 자존감 척도 간에는 정적 상관을 나타내었고, 학업탄력성 척도와 무망감 척도 간에는 부적 상관을 보임으로써 선행연구의 결과를 지지하였다. 아울러 본 연구의 의의와 추후 연구과제를 제시하였다
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to develop the Youth Academic Resilience Scale(YARS) and to validate it. This study was involved took third steps. First, 80 preliminary items were developed based on theoretical literature, open-ended questions, interviews. To verify the content validity, 7 counseling experts rated those items. Second, the scale consisting of 54 items was administered to sample of 160 adolescents. Third, the scale consisting of 100 items was administered to sample of 233 adolescents. Data were collected from 650 samples, and 100 samples of them were eliminated based on response dishonesty. Finally, items of the scale were reduced to 47 items. Factor analysis showed evidence of construct validity of the scale. Five factor were extracted from the factor analysis: factor 1(11 items) implies ‘family support’, factor 2(9 items) implies ‘peer relation’, factor 3(10 items) implies ‘problem solving’, factor 4(10 items) implies ‘aspiration’, factor 5(7 items) implies ‘academic environment’. Internal consistency(Cronbach's α) of total score showed .93 and Cronbach's α of 5 subfactors demonstrated .84∼.89. To verify the convergent validity and discriminant validity of the developed scales, the self-esteem scale and hopelessness scale were administered. The result of the study indicated that YARS scores positively and significantly correlated with the self-esteem scale, negatively and significantly correlated with the hopelessness scale. Thus, YARS demonstrated satisfactory convergent validity and discriminant validity. In addition, the limitation of study and the practical use of the YARS was discussed.
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