한국형 스포츠 통증 파국화 척도의 타당성 검증
The Validation of the Korean Version of Pain Catastrophizing Scale in the Sports Context
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〔목적〕 운동선수들은 통증으로 인해 신체적, 심리적으로 부정적인 영향을 받고 있어 이에 대한 관심과 연구가 증가하고 있다. 본 연구는 임상현장에서 개발되어 운동선수들에게도 널리 이용되고 있는 통증 파국화 척도의 타당성을 확인하고, 인식된 스트레스 수준과 통증 두려움과의 관계를 검정하였다. 〔방법〕 무력화(6문항), 반추(4문항), 확대(3문항) 3 요인 13문항으로 구성된 원척도를 검증된 번안과정에 기초하여 번안하였으며 대학교, 실업팀, 국가대표를 포함하여 현재 운동선수로 활동 중인 206명의 선수를 대상으로 설문을 진행하였다. 수집된 자료의 타당성 검증을 위해 신뢰도 분석, 확인적 요인분석, 상관분석과 회귀분석을 실시하였다. 〔결과〕 첫째, 확인적 요인분석 결과, 요인부하량이 현저히 떨어지는 1문항을 제거하였을 때 요구되는 모형의 적합도에 부합하였으며, 각 요인에 대한 신뢰도 또한 타당한 것으로 확인되었다. 둘째, 통증 파국화 하위요인과 인식된 스트레스 수준 그리고 심각한 통증에 대한 두려움은 정적 상관을 나타내어 이론적 근거를 뒷받침 하는 것으로 나타났다. 스포츠 통증 파국화 척도의 개념타당도와 예측타당도 역시 타당한 것으로 검증되었다. 마지막으로 접촉 종목 선수들에 비해 비접촉 종목 선수들이 통증에 대해 더 민감하게 반응하는 것으로 확인되었다. 〔결론〕 본 연구의 결과를 바탕으로 한국형 스포츠 통증 파국화 척도는 우리나라 운동선수들의 주관적 통증 강도를 측정하는데 활용될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다. 또한, 선수들의 부상 후 재활과정을 평가하는데 유용한 정보를 제공할 수 있을 것으로 판단되며, 이러한 정보를 기반으로 통증 관리 중재 프로그램을 개발하는데 있어 구체적인 목표를 설정할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.
Abstract
[Purpose] Recently, studies associated with the negative physical and mental effects of athletes’ pain have received extensive attention. This study confirmed the validity of the pain catastrophizing scale (PCS) developed in clinical settings and is widely used in the sports field, and examined their relationship between the perceived stress levels and fear of pain. [Methods] The pain catastrophizing consisted of 13 items of three factors which are Helplessness (6 items), Rumination(4 items), Magnification(3 items). To verify the validity, PSC was revised by following the recommended revision guideline procedures. To test the validation of pain catastrophizing, 206 adult athletes were recruited including the collegiate, professional, and national levels. The participants were instructed to complete questionnaires to assess the level of pain catastrophizing, perceived stress, and fear of pain. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to test the fit of measurement model was adopted to examine three higher-order three-factor measurement models. [Results] In results, confirmatory factor analysis indicated that the Korean version of the pain catastrophizing scale demonstrated a good model fit of measurement when removing one item with a significantly lower factor load as well as the reliability of the scale was reasonable. The pain catastrophizing had a meaningful positive direct relation with perceived stress level and fear of severe pain. In addition, construct validity and predictive validity of PCS showed valid. [Conclusions] Based on the results of this study, the Korean sports pain catastrophizing scale can be used to measure the subjective pain intensity of Korean athletes. In addition, it is expected to provide fundamental information for evaluating athletes’ post-injury rehabilitation processes.
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