유대인 예수 탐구－기독교 신학에 대한 새로운 도전
Searching for the Jewishness of Jesus －A New Challenge to Christian Theology
0
조회
0
다운로드
0
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
유대주의 안에서 예수 (Jesus within Judaism)를 찾는 일, 즉 유대인 예수를 찾는 일은 분명 지난 2000년간 진행되어온 기독교 신학의 한계를 벗어나는 일이지만, 역사적 예수에 대한 새로운 이해와 기독교의 기원에 대해 알게 되는 긍정적인 결과를 가져올 것이다. 그리고 그 결과는 동시에 지금까지 우리가 알고 있던 전통적인 신학을 수정해야만 하는 신학적 도전이기도 하다. 예수는 분명 유대인으로 태어나 유대주의 안에서 교육을 받았고, 유대 절기를 준수했고, 예수와 초기 기독교 공동체는 매우 “유대적” (Jewish)이었기 때문에 초기 기독교인들을 “초기 유대적 기독교인들” (the early Jewish Christians)이라고 불러야 할 것이다. 그러나 초기 유대적 기독교 공동체와 유대공동체 사이에서 갈등이 유발되면서 공존에서 갈등관계로, 그리고 급기야는 회당과 유대 공동체 안에 존재하던 소수 초기 유대적 기독교인들이 회당으로부터 축출당하며 기독교 공동체만의 길을 가게 되면서 급기야 반유대적 기독교로 발전하면서 초기 기독교의 유산을 상실하는 위기를 맞이하게 된 것이다. 이제 기독교는 유대교의 율법과 문화와 언어 안에서 예수의 삶과 가르침을 발견함으로써 유대교와 기독교인들 간의 지나온 애증과 상처를 씻고, 서로의 뿌리를 확인해야만 한다는 도전을 받고 있는 것이다. 피할 수 없는 도전이지만 지난날들의 오류를 극복할 수 있는 기회이기 때문에 능동적으로 수용해야 할 것이다.
Abstract
By looking into the life of Jesus and the birth of Christianity within Judaism, we may come up with the conclusion as follows. First, Jesus born a Jew was educated in Judaism and observed the Judaic seasonal feasts and rituals. Secondly, he formed a Jewish Christian community as the number of disciples increased; however they also existed within the synagogues, observing the Jewish laws. Therefore, Jesus and the early Christian community may be called the early Jewish Christians. Thirdly, as some conflict developed between the early Jewish Christian community and the traditional Jews, they could not coexist and finally the early Jewish Christians, which was a minority group, were expelled from synagogues. Fourthly, the relationships between these two groups got worsen and finally became irreconcilable. Fifthly, the Jewish documents which contain information about the historical Jesus are mostly distorted; however, they adopted the most essential things about Jesus from the four gospels. For instance, Jesus insisted that he is the messiah and the son of God. Jesus performed many miracles, he ascended into heaven, and many young disciples followed him. Christianity is presently challenged by Jewish understanding of Jesus. Up until now the study of Jesus has been done apart from Jewish background, and this kind of un-historical studies have caused conflicts between Christians and Jews. We cannot deny the fact that many ill effects and violence have been caused by that kind of hostile relationship. We are challenged to discover the life of Jesus and his teachings within the laws, culture and language of Judaism in order to find out each other’s root and be healed of each other’s wounds and hurts. We need to face the opportunity to take this challenge proactively and overcome the mistakes of the past.
참고문헌 (25)
- Bammel, Ernst, "Christian Origins in Jewish Tradition", NTS, 13, pp.317~335 (1966)
- Barnett, Paul, "Jesus & the Rise of Early Christianity" (1999), InterVarsity Press
- The New Testament Background, "Barrett, C.K", SPCK, ~ (1956)
- Brewer, David Instone, "The Eighteen Benedictions and the Minim before 70 CE", JTS, 54, pp.25~44 (2003)
- Crossan, John Dominic, "Jesus: A Revolutionary Biography" (1994), HarperSanFrancisco
- Finegan, Jack, "The Archeology of the New Testament: The Life of Jesus and the Beginning of the Early Church" (1978), Princeton University Press
- Goldstein, Morris, "Jesus in the Jewish Tradition" (1950), The Macmillan Company
- Flusser, David, "The Sage from Galilee: Rediscovering Jesus’ Genius" (2007), Eerdmans
- Hagner, Donald, "The Jewish Reclamation of Jesus" (1984), Grand Rapid
- Horbury, William, "Jews and Christians in Contact and Controversy" (1998), T&T Clark
- Josephus. Whiston, William, "Jesus of Nazareth: His Life, Times, and Teaching" (1926), Macmillan
- Mason, Steve, "Josephus and New Testament" (2003), Hendrickson
- Meier, John P, "A Marginal Jew: Rethinking the Historical Jesus" (1991), Doubleday
- Parkes, James, "The Conflict of the Church and the Synagogue" (1969), Atheneum
- Pritz, Ray A, "Nazarene Jewish Christianity" (1992), The Magnes Press, the Hebrew University
- Reuven, Kimelman, "Jewish and Christian self-definition, v. II", pp.226~244 (1981), Fortress Press
- Safrai, S., "The Jewish People in the First Century" (1976), Fortress Press
- Sandmel, S, "Judaism and Christian Beginning" (1978), Oxford University Press
- Sandmel, S, "Judaism . We Jews and Jesus" (1965), Oxford University Press
- Schürer, Emil, "The History of the Jewish People in the Age of Jesus Christ" (1973), T&T Clark
- Wilson, Stephen G, "Related Strangers: Jews and Christians 70-170 C.E" (2005), Fortress Press
- Wolf, A, "Professor Harnack’s “What is Christianity?”", JQR, 16, pp.668~689 (1904)
- Zeitlin, S., "The Tefillah, the Shemoneh Esreh: An Historical Study of the First Canonization of the Hebrew Liturgy", JQR, 54, pp.208~249 (1964)
- 뷜리발트뵈젠, "예수시대의 갈릴래아", pp.173~ (2002), 한국신학연구소
- 조철수, "유대교와 예수" (2002), 도서출판 길