간호사 확보수준이 입원 환자의 병원사망과 입원 30일 이내 사망에 미치는 영향
Effects of Nurse Staffing Level on In-hospital Mortality and 30-day Mortality after Admission using Korean National Health Insurance Data
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목적: 본 연구의 목적은 국민건강보험 청구자료를 이용하여 간호사 확보수준과 환자사망 간의 관련성을 조사하는 것이다. 방법: 2015년부터 2016년까지 913개 병원에 입원한 환자 1,068,059명의 데이터를 분석하였다. 간호사 확보수준은 일반병동, 중환자실, 병원 전체의 간호사 1인당 병상수를 기준으로 분류하였다. 병원사망과 입원 30일 이내 사망을 분석하기 위해 χ2-test와 GEE 다수준 다변량 로지스틱 회귀 분석이 사용되었다. 결과: 병원사망률은 2.9%, 입원 30일 이내 사망률은 3.0%였다. 병원사망에 대한 오즈비(ORs)는 일반병동에서는 간호사 1인당 병상수가 6.0 이상인 의료기관에 입원한 환자와 비교하여 간호사 1인당 병상수가 3.5병상 미만인 의료기관에서 통계적으로 더 낮았고(OR=0.72, 95% CI=0.63∼0.84), 중환자실에서는 1.25병상 이상과 비교하여 0.88병상 미만일 때 더 유의미하게 낮았다(OR=0.78, 95% CI=0.66∼0.92). 입원 30일 이내 사망률에 대한 ORs은 일반병동은 6.0병상 이상과 비교하여 간호사 1인당 병상수가 3.5병상 미만일 때(OR=0.83, 95% CI=0.73∼0.94), 중환자실은 1.25병상 이상과 비교하여 0.63병상 미만일 때 통계적으로 더 낮았다(OR=0.85, 95% CI=0.72∼1.00). 결론: 환자사망을 낮추기 위해서는 간호사 확보수준에 따른 간호수가 체계를 개선하여 충분한 수의 간호사를 확보할 필요가 있다.
Abstract
Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate the association between the nurse staffing level and the patient mortality using Korean National Health Insurance data. Methods: The data of 1,068,059 patients from 913 hospitals between 2015 and 2016 were analyzed. The nurse staffing level was categorized based on thebed-to-nurse ratio in general wards, intensive care units (ICUs), and hospitals overall. The x2 test and generalized estimating equations (GEE) multilevel multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to explore in-hospital mortality and 30-day mortality after admission. Results: The in-hospital mortality rate was 2.9% and 30-day mortality after admission rate was 3.0%. Odd Ratios (ORs) for in-hospital mortality were statistically lower in general wards with a bed-to-nurse ratio of less than 3.5 compared to that with 6.0 or more (OR=0.72, 95% CI=0.63~0.84) and in ICUs with a bed-to-nurse ratio of less than 0.88 compared to that with 1.25 or more (OR=0.78, 95% CI=0.66~0.92). ORs for 30-day mortality after admission were statistically lower in general wards with a bed-to-nurse ratio of less than 3.5 compared to that with 6.0 or more (OR=0.83, 95% CI=0.73~0.94) and in ICUs with a bed-to-nurse ratio of less than 0.63 compared to that with 1.25 or more (OR=0.85, 95% CI=0.72~1.00). Conclusion: To reduce the patient mortality, it is necessary to ensure asufficient number of nurses by improving the nursing fee system according to the nurse staffing level.
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