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Retelling Silence, Rewriting Experience: Production and Reproduction of Anne Askew’s Examinations

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The essay examines two different editions of Anne Askew’s Examinations published in the sixteenth century: John Bale’s the First Examination and the Latter Examination and John Foxe’s Acts and Monuments, and argues that retelling and rewriting one’s experience is the process of storytelling that necessitates the repetition and communication of the experience. The essay looks at the parts the sixteenth-century editors particularly rewrote or retold the original version, and discusses how Askew’s story was retold, repeated, and communicated through various storytellers who delivered not only the original text but also the original experience toward larger audience. While attempting to interpret, analyze, and expand on the story she did not tell, or the story she could not tell, Bale and Foxe developed her personal and anecdotal story into a communal narrative to share. Bale wrote a weak woman’s martyrology by adding his interpretation and analysis, showing the way for the readers to follow in understanding her enigmatic silence and gestures. On the other hand, Foxe made the story a more dramatic and more seamlessly flowing narrative of the heroic sacrifice of a martyr. Foxe filled the room left by Askew’s silence with directly quoted conversations and the graphic that could help explain what was between the lines. Apart from the rewritings of the reformists, the essay focuses on the fact that the editing, rearranging, and reinterpreting process already started with Askew’s own writing. Although Askew declares herself an objective recorder of the series of events, her writing is carefully constructed with complex ideological fractures and rhetorical tactics, and her experience is tailored to fit a particular purpose. Along with Bale’s and Foxe’s rewritings, Askew’s story of a reading woman should be also read as an intentional and interpretative storytelling on her own experience.

Abstract

The essay examines two different editions of Anne Askew’s Examinations published in the sixteenth century: John Bale’s the First Examination and the Latter Examination and John Foxe’s Acts and Monuments, and argues that retelling and rewriting one’s experience is the process of storytelling that necessitates the repetition and communication of the experience. The essay looks at the parts the sixteenth-century editors particularly rewrote or retold the original version, and discusses how Askew’s story was retold, repeated, and communicated through various storytellers who delivered not only the original text but also the original experience toward larger audience. While attempting to interpret, analyze, and expand on the story she did not tell, or the story she could not tell, Bale and Foxe developed her personal and anecdotal story into a communal narrative to share. Bale wrote a weak woman’s martyrology by adding his interpretation and analysis, showing the way for the readers to follow in understanding her enigmatic silence and gestures. On the other hand, Foxe made the story a more dramatic and more seamlessly flowing narrative of the heroic sacrifice of a martyr. Foxe filled the room left by Askew’s silence with directly quoted conversations and the graphic that could help explain what was between the lines. Apart from the rewritings of the reformists, the essay focuses on the fact that the editing, rearranging, and reinterpreting process already started with Askew’s own writing. Although Askew declares herself an objective recorder of the series of events, her writing is carefully constructed with complex ideological fractures and rhetorical tactics, and her experience is tailored to fit a particular purpose. Along with Bale’s and Foxe’s rewritings, Askew’s story of a reading woman should be also read as an intentional and interpretative storytelling on her own experience.

참고문헌 (17)

  1. Askew, Anne, "The Examinations of Anne Askew" (1996), Oxford University Press
  2. Benjamin, Walter, "Illuminations" (1968), Harcourt, Brace & World
  3. Coles, Kimberly A., "The Death of the Author (and the Appropriation of Her Text): the Case of Anne Askew's "examinations"", Modern Philology, 99(4) (2002)
  4. Diehl, Houston, "Staging Reform, Reforming the Stage: Protestantism and Popular Theater in Early Modern England" (1997), Cornell UP
  5. "Acts and Monuments"[URL]
  6. Freeman, T S, "Racking the Body, Shaping the Text: the Account of Anne Askew in Foxe's "book of Martyrs"", Renaissance Quarterly, 54(1), pp.1165~1196 (2001)
  7. Gasper, Julia, "The Dragon and the Dove: The Plays of Thomas Dekker" (1990), Clarendon Press
  8. Hickerson, Megan L., "Making Women Martyrs in Tudor England", pp.42~72 (2005), Palgrave Macmillan
  9. Kastan, David Scott, "Religion and Culture in Renaissance England", pp.46~68 (1997), Cambridge University Press
  10. Kemp. Theresa D., "Translating (Anne) Askew: The Textual Remains of a Sixteenth-Century Heretic and Saint", Renaissance Quarterly, 52(4), pp.1021~1045 (1999)
  11. Linton, Joan Pong, "Scripted Silences, Reticence, and Agency in Anne Askew's Examinations", English Literary Renaissance, 36(1), pp.3~25 (2006)
  12. Linton, Joan Pong, "Write or Be Written: Early Modern Women Poets and Cultural Constraints", pp.137~151 (2001), Ashgate
  13. McQuade, Paula, "Except that they had offended the Lawe: Gender and Jurisprudence in The Examinations of Anne Askew", Literary & History, 3(2), pp.1~14 (1994)
  14. Mazzola, Elizabeth, "Political Rhetoric, Power, and Renaissance Women" (1995), State University of New York Press
  15. Pender, Patricia, "Early Modern Women’s Writing and the Rhetoric of Modesty", pp.36~63 (2012), Palgrave Macmillan
  16. Roddy, Kate, "Heresy and Orthodoxy in Early English Literature, 1350-1680", pp.100~112 (2010), Four Courts Press
  17. White, Paul, "Drama and Religion in English Provincial Society, 1485-1660" (2008), Cambridge University Press

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