쿳시와 카프카 소설에 나타난 동물 타자
Animal-Human in the Novel of J. M. Coetzee and Kafka
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This study shows that the human and the animal represented in novels of J. M. Coetzee and Franz Kafka are different from those in the other literary works and what their representation means in the relation with the other. Kafka often identified himself with animal in his works, which is not the metaphor of a human situation but a kind of self-forgetfulness that he thought as the pre-requisite for a writer. And animal stories of Kafka and transformation into animal are to erase differentiation between the human and the animal and repudiate superiority of the human over the animal. Kafka tried to represent mind or consciousness of the animal by transforming himself into the body of animal. Likewise, the animal in the novel of J. M. Coetzee is not the metaphoric support to represent the image and situation of the human. He raises an ethical question over the boundary of species between the animal and the human by emphasizing its fluidity. Above all, the common method of Kafka and J. M. Coetzee for describing experience of the animal other is giving up the writer’s authority and that makes us approach another representation of the human. While Kafka describes the animal experiencing the human dilemma, characters in Coetzee’s novel show that the human is affected by instinct and impulse that have been categorized as the characteristics of animals. Although the animal has been sacrificed to complete the concept of the human, the human is also an animal. The humanity has existed not with its own originality and identity but by producing the animality, the internal exceptional space.
Abstract
This study shows that the human and the animal represented in novels of J. M. Coetzee and Franz Kafka are different from those in the other literary works and what their representation means in the relation with the other. Kafka often identified himself with animal in his works, which is not the metaphor of a human situation but a kind of self-forgetfulness that he thought as the pre-requisite for a writer. And animal stories of Kafka and transformation into animal are to erase differentiation between the human and the animal and repudiate superiority of the human over the animal. Kafka tried to represent mind or consciousness of the animal by transforming himself into the body of animal. Likewise, the animal in the novel of J. M. Coetzee is not the metaphoric support to represent the image and situation of the human. He raises an ethical question over the boundary of species between the animal and the human by emphasizing its fluidity. Above all, the common method of Kafka and J. M. Coetzee for describing experience of the animal other is giving up the writer’s authority and that makes us approach another representation of the human. While Kafka describes the animal experiencing the human dilemma, characters in Coetzee’s novel show that the human is affected by instinct and impulse that have been categorized as the characteristics of animals. Although the animal has been sacrificed to complete the concept of the human, the human is also an animal. The humanity has existed not with its own originality and identity but by producing the animality, the internal exceptional space.
참고문헌 (29)
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