잃어버린 세대의 다시 말하기와 문화의 변용
Retelling Stories and Cultural Transformation in the Lost Generation
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As known to many, Stein once told Hemingway, "All of you young people who served in the war. You are a lost generation.“ Since then, ‘Lost Generation’ has been known to us as a group of expatriate American writers who became disillusioned after their traumatic experiences during World War I. The group of writers who moved to Paris believed that American culture was barren, capitalistic, and unspiritual. In order to overcome this disillusionment, they established many of the modernist narrative styles which were greatly influenced by French culture and art. Members of the ‘Lost Generation’ writers were often literally disenchanted and lost yet tried desperately to live normal lives to overcome the tragic effects of the First World War. Although they were known as the ‘bad kids’ and ‘flaming youth’, they were independent and self-sufficient, exploring their own set of values. Like Hemingway’s use of ecclesiastes as the epigraph in The Sun Also Rises, ‘Lost Generation’ writers tried to find balanced values in nature and art to avoid the nihilistic attitudes. To these nomadic writers, Paris was the center of their literary activities and inspiration. This paper traced the modernist art of Lost Generation from Stein, Hemingway and Fitzgerald back to Flaubert’s realism, Cezanne’s impressive painting and Picasso’s cubism. Also, Barnes and Bradbury’s use of parrot is analyzed to show the essence of modernism which tries to find out the descriptive way of showing the reality as it is. However, in contrast with realistic use of objective correlative, the rewritten parrots in modernist works reveal more multifaceted and convoluted aspects of humans’ unlived lives in cubism. Overall, as reflected in Walter Whitman’s optimistic effect on Stein, this paper finally mentions that the materiality of language and optimism in American culture function as the positive transformation of European pathological value for the American ‘Lost Generation’ writers.
Abstract
As known to many, Stein once told Hemingway, "All of you young people who served in the war. You are a lost generation.“ Since then, ‘Lost Generation’ has been known to us as a group of expatriate American writers who became disillusioned after their traumatic experiences during World War I. The group of writers who moved to Paris believed that American culture was barren, capitalistic, and unspiritual. In order to overcome this disillusionment, they established many of the modernist narrative styles which were greatly influenced by French culture and art. Members of the ‘Lost Generation’ writers were often literally disenchanted and lost yet tried desperately to live normal lives to overcome the tragic effects of the First World War. Although they were known as the ‘bad kids’ and ‘flaming youth’, they were independent and self-sufficient, exploring their own set of values. Like Hemingway’s use of ecclesiastes as the epigraph in The Sun Also Rises, ‘Lost Generation’ writers tried to find balanced values in nature and art to avoid the nihilistic attitudes. To these nomadic writers, Paris was the center of their literary activities and inspiration. This paper traced the modernist art of Lost Generation from Stein, Hemingway and Fitzgerald back to Flaubert’s realism, Cezanne’s impressive painting and Picasso’s cubism. Also, Barnes and Bradbury’s use of parrot is analyzed to show the essence of modernism which tries to find out the descriptive way of showing the reality as it is. However, in contrast with realistic use of objective correlative, the rewritten parrots in modernist works reveal more multifaceted and convoluted aspects of humans’ unlived lives in cubism. Overall, as reflected in Walter Whitman’s optimistic effect on Stein, this paper finally mentions that the materiality of language and optimism in American culture function as the positive transformation of European pathological value for the American ‘Lost Generation’ writers.
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