덴마크의 풍력 발전 확대를 위한 터빈 리파워링 시행과 발전 제고요인에 관한 고찰
A Research on implementation of Danish turbine repowering and developmental considerations for expansion of wind power generation
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덴마크는 풍력 발전 비중이 전체 소비 발전 전력의 절반을 차지한다. 그 효과적인 풍력 발전 확대에 대한 배경에는 덴마크 정부의 세 차례에 걸쳐 시행된 터빈 리파워링의 역할이 큰 것으로 평가되고 있다. 풍력 발전 분야에서의 터빈 리파워링은 기존 오래된 풍력 터빈들을 새로운 터빈들로 교체하는 것이다. 덴마크 정부의 터빈 리파워링은 전체적인 풍력 발전량 증대, 인프라 비용의 절감, 풍력 터빈 발전으로의 투자를 증진시켰던 것으로 보인다. 또한 환경 측면에서는 발전 설비 설치 주위 조류들의 사망률, 소음, 온실가스 배출, 설치 지역 주위의 환경 훼손 측면에서의 피해 감소 효과를 보여준다. 하지만 터빈 리파워링에서 에너지 효율적이면서도 발전 증량 측면에서 새 터빈들을 설계, 제조, 판매해야하는 대형 풍력 발전 기업들에게는 상당한 부담으로 작용하였다. 이에 덴마크 정부는 지역 차원의 풍력 터빈 설치나 풍력 발전 단지 설립 및 운영을 위한 공공인식 개선 관련 기본 틀 마련과 효과적인 시행을 통해 시민들의 대형 풍력 터빈 발전 단지 설립 및 운영에 주요 역할을 하는 대기업들에 대한 인식을 향상 시킬 필요가 있다. 또한 이러한 조치는 덴마크 시민들의 추후 발전 설비 설치물의 거주지 지역 내 반대 분위기도 적정수준 완화시킬 수 있을 것으로 보인다. 아울러서 추후 덴마크 풍력발전 확대의 가속화를 위해서는 덴마크의 기후, 에너지 및 건물부의 풍력발전 설비 및 풍력발전 단지 인가를 위한 사전 조사 인가 기준 마련, 덴마크 북부 지역과 NORDEL 지역 국가들과의 전력망 연계의 수월성 향상을 위한 상호연계장치 증설, 해상풍력발전 부문에서의 환경영향평가 의무화가 조속히 이루어져야 할 것이다. 한국에서도 풍력 발전 부문에서 터빈 리파워링이 2020년 12월부터 대규모로는 처음 시행될 예정이다. 이에 한국 정부도 덴마크가 시행했던 터빈 리파워링의 시행과 효과들에 대한 학습효과를 인지할 필요가 있다. 아울러서 한국정부는 풍력 발전 및 터빈 리파워링의 편익에 대한 시민들의 인식 함양과 관련한 지자체 수준에서의 상기한 방향으로의 법적 기본 틀 마련을 지역 정부들에게 촉구할 것을 고려할 필요가 있다.
Abstract
Wind power generation is taking up half in total energy consumption in Denmark. And three time implementation of the turbine repowering scheme is credited with the effective expansion of wind power generation. The Danish turbine repowering is assessed to have increased the total wind power generation, and to have reduced costs of the relevant infrastructure, and to have increased investments into the wind power industry. Along with these benefits, the Danish turbine repowering showed decline in death rates of birds crashing into the blades, in noise level and in emission of greenhouse gases and in the degree of degradation of the surroundings of the deployed area. However, the turbine repowering burdened the manufacturers of the turbines with designing, manufacturing, and selling the new turbines as they had to develop and manufacture turbines in more enhanced energy efficient and power increase-oriented way. As a measure to take, The Danish government should take into account setting up a legal framework to enhance public awareness regarding the management and establishment of the wind power deployments. This measure can ease the opposition from the local who can raise the voice against the deployments of the wind power in their neighborhood. Other than the measure, For the Danish government to accelerate the expansion of wind power generation, setting up the criteria for pre-investigation permit by Department of Climate, Energy and Building, building up more interconnectors between the group of NORDEL, and mandating Environmental Impact Assessment on offshore wind power deployments should be the factors to put into consideration. Turbine repowering is slated to be implemented for the first time in a large scale in Korea from December 2020. Thus, the South Korean government needs to study the implementation and the effects of the Danish turbine repowering for lesson. On top of that, the South Korean government needs to consider urging the local governments to set up the legal framework to enhance public awareness about the benefits turbine repowering and wind power generation can provide.
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