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Towards a Preliminary Analysis of the Political Economy of Regionalism in East Asia: Differences from the European Union Experience:

Towards a Preliminary Analysis of the Political Economy of Regionalism in East Asia: Differences from the European Union Experience

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한국유럽학회 (The Korean Society Of Contemporary European Studies)|2005.02|유럽연구 (The Journal of Contemporary European Studies)|제20권 |pp. 25-66|DOI 10.17052/jces.2005.20..25

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키워드

금융위기세계화지역화Globalization민족주의NationalismFinancial CrisisRegionalizationEast Asian Identity동아시아 정체성
주제분류지역학

초록

Economic globalization has brought about the trend of regionalization which seems to have been stimulated and driven by intensified capitalist competition among core industrial economies and by the rapidly increasing movement of capital across national-borders in search of higher profits and lower wages. The establishment of formal regional arrangements, such as EU and NAFTA is the institutional expression of this regionalizing trend. Contrary to this trend, East Asian countries have lagged behind such a formal regional arrangement except in the form of sub-regional organizations like ASEAN, or increasingly ‘supra- regionalizing’ organizations like APEC. In sum, this seems to be due to (1) the historical experiences of colonialism and regionalism driven by imperialist causes and the presence of mutual distrust in the region, which attributes to such historical experiences; (2) the postwar settlement by the U.S. hegemonic unilateralism in the region; and (3) until recently, the absence of strong motivation and need for constructing formal regional arrangements encompassing the whole region based on ‘East Asian’ regional identity instead of a ‘Pacific’ one. The Asian, not Pacific, economic crisis of 1997, however, became a turning point. Under this condition, searching for ‘cooperative and pluralistic regionalization’ in East Asia is required to prevent future crises, regional conflicts and hegemonic confrontations. And it will be an important task not only in the field of political economy, but also in peace/security studies. Both academic disciplines cannot be separated in this search because endlessly competitive developmentalism, generating national wealth and power at the individual country level, and deepening capitalist contradictions at the global level will go hand in hand. In order to bring greater peace and stability ways to resolve the problems in the ‘politics of distrust and resentment at the regional level’ must be searched more actively.

Abstract

Economic globalization has brought about the trend of regionalization which seems to have been stimulated and driven by intensified capitalist competition among core industrial economies and by the rapidly increasing movement of capital across national-borders in search of higher profits and lower wages. The establishment of formal regional arrangements, such as EU and NAFTA is the institutional expression of this regionalizing trend. Contrary to this trend, East Asian countries have lagged behind such a formal regional arrangement except in the form of sub-regional organizations like ASEAN, or increasingly ‘supra- regionalizing’ organizations like APEC. In sum, this seems to be due to (1) the historical experiences of colonialism and regionalism driven by imperialist causes and the presence of mutual distrust in the region, which attributes to such historical experiences; (2) the postwar settlement by the U.S. hegemonic unilateralism in the region; and (3) until recently, the absence of strong motivation and need for constructing formal regional arrangements encompassing the whole region based on ‘East Asian’ regional identity instead of a ‘Pacific’ one. The Asian, not Pacific, economic crisis of 1997, however, became a turning point. Under this condition, searching for ‘cooperative and pluralistic regionalization’ in East Asia is required to prevent future crises, regional conflicts and hegemonic confrontations. And it will be an important task not only in the field of political economy, but also in peace/security studies. Both academic disciplines cannot be separated in this search because endlessly competitive developmentalism, generating national wealth and power at the individual country level, and deepening capitalist contradictions at the global level will go hand in hand. In order to bring greater peace and stability ways to resolve the problems in the ‘politics of distrust and resentment at the regional level’ must be searched more actively.

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