조종사의 비행수행 능력과 자존감이 비행비교상황에서 위험행동에 미치는 영향
Effects of Pilots' Flight Skill and Self-Esteem on Risk Taking in the Context of Social Comparison
0
조회
0
다운로드
1
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
조종사의 비행수행능력과 자존감이 비행비교 상황에서 위험행동에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위해 비행교육과정 조종사 48명을 대상으로 시뮬레이터 상황실험을 실시하였다. 피험자 간 변인으로서 비행수행능력(비행등수)과 자존감 척도로 각각의 높고 낮은 그룹으로 나누어 안전규칙상 착륙이 허가되지 않는 활주로 접근 시뮬레이션 상황을 수행하게 하였다. 접근 상황은 피험자 내 설계로 세 번에 걸쳐 측정하였고, 동일한 각각의 상황실험 수행 직전에 실험참가자에게 다른 사람들의 수행결과를 조작(긍정비교, 부정비교, 통제)하여 제시하였다. 실험참가자의 위험행동은 접근한 고도를 통하여 측정하였다. 실험 결과 각 제시 조건에 따라 위험행동이 유의미하게 차이가 나타났고, 각 비교조건에서의 위험행동 경향은 비행수행능력과 자존감의 수준에 따라 달라지는 상호작용 효과가 나타났다. 비행수행능력이 낮은 집단은 비교조건들에서 통제조건과 달리 위험한 행동을 하는 것으로 나타났고 비행수행능력이 높은 집단은 부정비교조건에서 다른 조건들과 달리 위험을 회피하는 경향을 보였다. 자존감이 높은 집단은 통제조건에 비해 비교조건들에서 유의미한 위험행동을 보인 반면, 자존감이 낮은 집단은 다른 조건들에 비해 부정적 비교조건에서 유의미한 위험회피행동을 보였다.
Abstract
Using flight simulator tasks with 48 air force cadets, this research examined the effects of pilots' flight skill and self-esteem on risk-taking behavior in the context of social comparison with their cohorts. Flight skill and self-esteem were assessed for individual cadets and three conditions of social comparison (upward-, downward-, and no-comparison) were devised. Flight simulator situations inappropriate for further approach or landing were designed to assess pilots' risk-taking behavior. Weather conditions in the simulator were inadequate to make a landing and the recommended strategy was to break off the approach and attempt a go-around. In this experiment, pilots’ risk taking was measured in terms of their approach altitudes; the lower approach altitudes indicative of the higher risk-taking. Our results showed interaction effects of flight skill, self-esteem, and social comparison on risk-taking behaviors. For pilots who were either high or low in both self-esteem and flight skill, social comparison had no effect on risk-taking behavior. However, pilots with high self-esteem but low flight skill showed more risk-taking behaviors in social comparison conditions. And, pilots with low self-esteem but high flight skill showed risk-aversive behaviors in the downward-comparison condition.
참고문헌 (21)
- Baumeister, R.E., "When ego threats lead to self-regulation failure: Negative consequences of high self-esteem", Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 64, pp.141~156 (1993)
- De La Ronde, C., "Caught in the crossfire: Positivity and self-verification strivings among people with low self esteem in Self-esteem: The puzzle of low self regard", pp.147~165 (1993), Plenum Press
- Endsley, M.R., "A taxonomy of situation awareness errors in Human factors in aviation operations", pp.287~292 (1995), Ashgate Publishing Ltd
- Furby, L., "Risk taking in adolescence: A decision-making perspective", Developmental Review, 12, pp.1~44 (1992)
- Gardner, W., "A lifespan rational choice theory of taking risk in Adolescent risk taking", pp.66~83 (1993), CA: Sage
- Heatherton, T.F., "Development and validation of a scale for measuring state self-esteem", Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 60, pp.895~910 (1991)
- Kahneman D., "Prospect theory : An analysis of decision under risk", Econometrica, 47, pp.263~291 (1979)
- Kernis, M.H., "There's more to self-esteem than whether it is high or tow: The importance of stability of self-esteem", Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 65, pp.1190~1204 (1993)
- Luce, R.D., "Games and decisions: Introduction and critical survey" (1957), Wiley
- McFarlin, D.B., "Effects of self-esteem and performance feedback on future affective preferences and cognitive expectations", Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 40, pp.521~531 (1981)
- McGlothling, W.H., "Stability of choices among uncertain alternatives", American Journal of Psychology, 69, pp.604~615 (1956)
- Muss, R.E., "Theories of adolescence (5th ed)" (1988), McGraw-Hill
- Robins, R.W., "Personality Correlates of Self-Esteem", Journal of Research in Personality, 35, pp.463~482 (2001)
- Rosenburg, M., "Society and the adolescent self-image" (1965), Princeton University Press
- Schlenker, B.R., "Self-serving attributions in social context: Effects of self-esteem and social pressure", Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 58, pp.855~863 (1990)
- A human error analysis of general aviation controlled flight into terrain (CFIT) accidents occurring between 1990-1998, "Shappell, S.", Office of Aerospace Medicine: Washington, DC, ~, pp.DOT (2003), FAA[DOI]
- Taylor, S.E., "Illusion and well-being: A social psychological perspective on mental health", Psychological Bulletin, 103, pp.193~210 (1988)
- Trollip, S.R., "Human Factors for General Aviation" (1991), Jeppesen Sanderson
- Tversky, A., "Rational choice and the framing of decisions in Rational choice: The contrast between economics and psychology" (1986), University of Chicago Press
- Tversky, A., "Advances in prospect theory: Cumulative representation of uncertainty", Journal of Risk and Uncertainty, 5, pp.297~323 (1992)
- Human error and general aviation accidents: A comprehensive, fine-grained analysis using, "Wiegmann, D.A.", HFACS FAA Civill Aerospace Medical Institute Final Technical Report, ~, pp.AHFD-05-08 (2005), FAA-05-03