EU 국가의 다문화교육에 관한 비교 연구
A Comparative Study of the Multicultural Education in EU Countries
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최근 유럽의 외국 이주민 유입은 EU 국가들의 다문화 혹은 간문화교육과 밀접한 관계가 있다. EU가 사회문화적으로 배제된 소수 외국 이주민들을 포용하고 실질적인 사회통합을 이루기 위해서는 간문화주의가 지향하는 민주주의, 인권, 법령 등의 보편적 가치를 강화하고 사회적 결속을 위해 문화다양성을 존중하는 간문화교육이 EU 수준과 각국 수준에서 시행되어야 한다. 그러나 EU 개별국가들의 간문화정책의 실행에는 EU 수준과 개별 국가의 교육정책 사이와 또한 간문화교육 수업현장과 이론적인 간문화정책들사이에도 간극이 존재한다. 이런 어려움을 극복하고 실질적인 사회통합과 간문화교육을달성하기 위해서는 이주민들을 교육하기 위해서는 인류평등의 관점에서 소수 이민자들에게 편의를 제공하는 학교가 되어야 한다. 이를 위해서는 학교와 사회의 파트너쉽, 언어교육, 모국 문화의 장려, 부모를 위한 교육, 시민사회와의 파트너쉽, 교사교육, 재정적 지원 등이 중요하다. EU와 EU의 개별국가들 역시 법령의 뒷받침과 가이드라인 제시및 학교와 기관, 학부모와 학생, 교사 등으로 이루어진 협력네트워크가 필요하다. EU의문화교육 사례 역시 사회를 통합하고 이주민들의 사회적 포용을 위해서는 외국이주민이EU 사회에서 배제되지 않고 상호 존중하고 협력하는 간문화교육 시스템이 필요함을 확인시켜 주고 있다.
Abstract
The paper is to analyze the education policies of EU countries for integration policies of the EU in an intercultural perspectives. This paper also examines the trend of recent inflows of foreign immigrants & minorities in the EU which is very closely related with education policies for immigrants & minorities. Recently, the inflows of immigrants into the EU became an important social issue in Europe in the context of intercultural education policies. While EU countries adopted several varieties of multicultural and intercultural education policies for immigrants & minorities, each country has a tendency to adopt intercultural education policies according to its historical, cultural tradition and heritage. However, there exist some gaps between official intercultural education policies and what really happens at classrooms and also gaps between EU institution and national policies. To overcome the limitations of intercultural education policies and to incorporate the immigrants & minorities from non-EU countries, the EU should enforce the universal values such as democracy, human right, law and respect the cultural diversity at the EU level aw well as member country levels. To achieve this intercultural education, the EU should subsidize the schools and make cooperation networks among schools, governments, teachers, students and their parents. EU case studies also reassure the EU should enhance the social cohesion with integrating migrant students and make effective cooperation networks to fulfill the intercultural education.
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