EU 회원국들의 순환경제 전환에 관한 연구
A Study on the Transition to a Circular Economy in EU Member State
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초록
유럽연합(EU)은 순환경제로의 전환을 서두르고 있다. 하지만 회원국들 간에 순환경제 전환 수준에 차이가 커 속도가 더디다. 본 연구는 순환경제 전환에 영향을 주는 요인을 규명하기 위해 정부, 기업, 개인(소비자) 관련 변수들과 순환경제 전환 수준(순환경제지수) 간의 관계를 분석하였다. 분석 결과 기업 요인(원재료 소비, 특허 건수, 민간투자), 정부 요인(환경 보호 R&D 지출, 폐기물 관리 지출), 개인 요인(도시폐기물 배출)이 순환경제 전환에 영향을 주는 것으로 파악되었다. 또한 지역과 소득수준에 따라 순환경제 전환 수준에 유의미한 차이(순환성 격차)가 있음을 확인하였다. 이는 순환경제에도 ‘양극화(Two-speed Europe)’ 현상이 존재함을 뜻한다. 연구의 함의는 순환경제 시대에 대비하여 정부는 기업과 개인이 생산과 소비 측면에서 순환성을 끌어올리는 활동을 강화할 수 있도록 다양한 지원 정책을 펼쳐야 한다는 것이다.
Abstract
The European Union(EU) is accelerating the transition to a circular economy to solve the climate change crisis and resource shortage problems. However, the speed is slow due to the large differences in the level of circular economy performance among member states. This study analyzed the relationship between variables related to governments, companies, and individuals (consumers) and circular economy performance (circular economy index) to identify factors affecting the transition to a circular economy. As a result of the analysis, it was found that company-related factors (consumption of raw materials, number of patents, private investment), government-related factors(environmental protection R&D expenditures, waste management expenditures), and individual-related factors(municipal waste generation) influenced the transition to a circular economy. This means that in order to transition to a circular economy, it is most important to reduce raw material consumption and focus on technological innovation related to the circular economy. In addition, it was confirmed that there was a significant difference (circularity gap) in the level of circular economy transition depending on region and income level. This means that the ‘Two-speed Europe’ phenomenon also exists in the circular economy. The policy implication of the study is that in order to prepare for the soon-to-come circular economy era, the Korean government should implement various support policies to help companies and individuals strengthen activities that increase circularity in terms of production and consumption.
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