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인물 얼굴의 나이 판단과 아기도식 속성에 대한 순응의 잔여효과

Adaptation to Baby Schema Features and the Perception of Facial Age

이예진|김성호
한국감성과학회 (The Korean Society For Emotion & Sensibility)|2022.12|감성과학 (Science of Emotion & Sensibility)|제25권 제4호|pp. 157-172|DOI doi.org/10.14695/KJSOS.2022.25.4.157

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키워드

얼굴 지각Face Perception순응 잔여효과아기 도식범주간 순응 효과Adaptation AftereffectBaby SchemaCross-category Adaptation
주제분류감성과학

초록

본 연구는 순응 잔여효과 패러다임을 이용하여, 아기도식 속성을 담고 있는 여러 시각 자극들(얼굴, 신체실루엣, 손)이 공통의 처리 기제를 통해 나이 지각에 영향을 주는지 확인하고자 하였다. 실험 1에서는 아기 얼굴 혹은 성인얼굴에 순응시킨 후 아기와 성인 얼굴을 합성(morphing)한 얼굴 자극에 대해 “아기”로 지각되는지 혹은 “성인”으로지각되는지 판단하도록 하였다. 실험 결과, 아기 순응 조건보다 성인 순응 조건에서 합성 자극을 아기로 지각하는비율이 더 우세한, 얼굴 나이 순응 잔여효과(age adaptation aftereffect)를 확인하였다. 실험 2와 3에서는 각각 아기와성인의 신체 실루엣과 손 이미지를 순응자극으로 사용하여 실험 1과 동일한 나이 판단 과제를 실시하였다. 실험 결과, 신체 실루엣과 손에 대한 순응은 순응자극과 같은 방향의 잔여효과(assimilative aftereffect)를 유발하거나, 순응후에 제시되는 얼굴에 대한 나이 지각을 편향시키지 않았다. 본 연구는 성인 연령대의 얼굴 자극만을 사용한 선행연구와 달리, 아기-성인 간 얼굴 나이 순응 잔여효과를 통해 아기와 성인 얼굴의 나이 속성이 지각적 얼굴 공간 상에서 대조적인 방향으로 부호화된다는 것을 확인하였으나, 여러 아기도식 속성들이 공통된 처리를 통해 나이 표상에기여한다는 증거를 확인하지는 못하였다.

Abstract

Using the adaptation aftereffect paradigm, this study investigated whether adaptation to baby schema features of the face and body could affect facial age perceptions. In Experiment 1, participants were asked to determine whether the test faces that morphed at a certain ratio of a baby face and an adult face were perceived as ‘baby’ or ‘adult’ after being adapted to either a baby or an adult face. The result of Experiment 1 showed that after being adapted to baby faces, test faces were assessed as belonging to an adult more often than when being adapted to adult faces. In the subsequent experiments, participants carried out the same facial age judgment task after being adapted to baby or adult body silhouettes (Experiment 2) or hand images (Experiment 3). The results revealed that age perceptions were biased in the direction of the adaptors (i.e., an assimilative aftereffect) after adaptation to body silhouettes (Experiment 2) but did not change after being adapted to hands (Experiment 3). The present study showed that contrastive aftereffects in the perception of facial age were induced by adaptation to the baby face but failed to determine the cross-category transfer of age adaptation from hands or body silhouettes to faces.

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