질소 동위원소비를 이용한 관행농업과 유기농업에서의 질산태 질소 오염원 구명
Investigation of Nitrate Contamination Sourves Under the Conventional and Organic Agricultural Systems Using Nitrogen Isotope Ratios
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과도한 화학비료를 시용하는 농업이나 밀집화 된 축산에 의해 수계의 질산태 질소 오염이 심각한 환경문제로 인식되고 있다. 따라서 추가적인 오염을 예방하기 위해서는 질산태 질소의 오염원 기원에 대한 이해와 관리가 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 안정성 동위원소를 이용하여 농업형태에 따른 해당지역 지하수 및 유출수의 질산태 질소의 오염원을 조사하기 위해 수행되었다. 공시 시료는 2003년 2월부터 11월까지 월별로 채수하여 질소 동위원소비를 분석하였다. 경축지역에서 채수된 지하수 및 유출수의 질산태 질소 농도가 관행농업이나 유기농업에서 조사된 질산태 질소 농도보다 높았으며, 음용수 수질기준인 10mg N/ℓ를 초과하는 것으로 분석되었다. 화학비료 및 가축분뇨의 동위원소비(δ15N) 범위는 -3.7~+2.3‰ 및 +12.5 ~+26.7‰로 나타났으며, 가축분뇨에서 동위원소비가 높게 나타나는 이유는 가축분뇨의 14N 질소 동위원소 분할효과와 휘산 때문으로 판단되었다. 농업형태에 따른 질산태 질소와 동위원소비의 평균값은 관행농업 5.47mg/ℓ 및 8.3‰, 유기농업 5.88mg/ℓ 및 10.1‰, 경축지역에서 12.5mg/ℓ 및 17.7‰로 나타났다. 이러한 결과들은 관행농업이든 유기농업이든 지하수와 유출수의 수질에 영향을 미치고 있다고 할 수 있다. 결론적으로, 질산태 질소 농도와 동위원소비(δ15N)의 연관성은 화학비료에서 유래되거나 가축분뇨에서 유래될 수 있는 질산태 질소의 오염원을 식별하는데 적용 가능하다고 판단된다. 또한 농업형태에 따라 수질에 미치는 영향을 장기적으로 조사하기 위한 추가적인 연구가 필요하다고 사료된다.
Abstract
Nitrate contamination in water system is a critical environmental problem caused by excessive application of chemical fertilizer and concentration of livestock. In order to prevent further contamination, therefore, it is necessary to understand the origin of nitrate in nitrogen loading sources and manage the very source of contamination. The objective of this study was to examine the nitrate contamination sources in different agricultural system by using nitrogen isotope ratios. Groundwater and runoff water samples were collected on a monthly basis from February 2003 to November 2003 and analyzed for nitrogen isotopes. The nitrate concentrations of groundwater in livestock farming area were higher than those in conventional and organic farming area and exceeded the national drinking water standard of 10mg N/ℓ. The δ15N ranges of chemical fertilizer and animal manure were -3.7~+2.3‰ and +12.5~26.7‰, respectively. The higher δ15N of animal manure than those of chemical fertilizer reflected isotope fractionation and volatilization of 14N. The different agricultural systems and corresponding average nitrate concentrations and δ15N values were: conventional farming, 5.47mg/ℓ, 8.3‰; organic farming, 5.88mg/ℓ, 10.1‰; crop-livestock farming, 12.5mg/ℓ, 17.7‰. These data indicated that whether conventional or organic agriculture effected groundwater and runoff water quality. In conclusions, relationship between nitrate concentrations and δ15N value could be used to make a distinction between nitrate derived from chemical fertilizer and from animal manure. Additional investigation is required to monitor long-term impact on water quality in accordance with agricultural systems.
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