소 FASN 유전자 변이의 연관불균형과 한우 도체형질에 미치는 영향
Characterization of the Bovine FASN Gene Variation for Carcass and Beef Quality Traits in Hanwoo
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초록
소 염색체 19번에 존재하는 유지방 함량 및 지방산 조성에 영향을 미치는 양적경제 형질 유전자 좌위에서 발견된 지방산 합성 효소인 FASN 유전자는 포화지방산과 불포화지방산의 함량을 조절하는 강력한 후보유전자이다. 본 연구에서 FASN 유전자의 g.17924 A⟩G 변이를 한우 집단과 미국산 육우 집단에서 분석하였고 그 결과는 한우에서는 GG형의 개체빈도가(71%)로 매우 높았으며, 미국산육우에서는 GG형 빈도는 불과(35%)밖에 되지 않았다. 한우 품종에서 FASN 유전자의 염기서열 분석을 하여 27개의 단일염기 변이를 발견 하였고, 그 중 9개는 본 연구에서 처음으로 밝혀지는 단일염기 변이이다. 한우 집단 100두와 수입우 집단 96에 대하여 유전자형 분석을 수행한 결과, FASN 유전자 내의 4개의 단일염기 변이의 연관 불평형 및 반수체 구역을 연구하였다. g.10568 C⟩T와 g.11280 G⟩A 단일염기 변이의 다형성은 한우집단에서 고기의 육색(P=0.004)과 고기의 조직감(P=0.0114)에 고도의 유의성이 통계적인 분석에 의하여 나타났다. 그리고 g.13125 C⟩T와 g.17924 G⟩A 다형성은 등지방두께 및 육량지수에 유의성을 관찰할 수 있었다(P=0.0179, 0.0495). 이상의 결과는 소 FASN 유전자 내의 변이들이 한우집단의 불포화 지방산 함량과 도체 형질에 연관성은 차별화된 고급한우육을 생산하기 위한 중요한 DNA 마커로써 활용가치가 있을 것으로 사료된다.
Abstract
Fatty acid synthase(FASN) is a multi-functional enzyme with a central role in the synthesis of long-chain fatty acid and has been considered as a positional candidate gene for BTA 19 quantitative trait loci(QTL) affecting milk-fat content and fatty acid composition. In this study, we sequenced the FASN gene in several cattle breeds including Hanwoo and imported beef cattle, and identified novel DNA polymorphisms and their linkage relationship in Hanwoo. We found a significant frequency difference of the FASN(AF285607) g.17924 A→G polymorphism between Hanwoo(70%) and other breeds and this polymorphism has been known for an association with fatty acid composition in Angus. Furthermore, by direct DNA sequencing in 18 unrelated Hanwoo, we identified 27 SNPs including nine novel variations in the FASN gene. Among 27 SNPs identified in the FASN gene, four SNPs were further genotyped in 100 Hanwoo and 96 imported beef cattle, and analyzed for haplotype construction and association with beef quality traits. We performed haplotype block and linkage disequilibrium studies using four selected SNPs. Two different haplotype blocks(block A: g.10568 C→T and g.11280 G→A; block B: g.13125 C→T and g.17924 G→A) were constructed and the block A in particular had a very high r2(0.936), which indicated a nearly complete linkage disequilibrium existed between the g.10568 C→T and g.11280 G→A polymorphisms. A total of four major haplotypes(frequency>0.05) were identified with the four polymorphisms including TATG(0.36), CGCG(0.31), CGTA(0.19) and TACG(0.06). Statistical association analysis revealed that the g.10568 C→T and g.11280 G→A polymorphisms in the FASN were significantly associated with meat color(P=0.004) and texture(P=0.0114). The g.13125 C→T and g.17924 G→A polymorphisms in the FASN were also significantly associated with back-fat thickness and quantity index(P=0.0179 and 0.0495, respectively). Our findings suggested that the FASN gene polymorphisms may be used for determining the(unsaturated) fatty acid contents and carcass trait in the Hanwoo beef.
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