Effects of alfalfa and alfalfa-grass mixtures with nitrogen fertilization on dry matter yield and forage nutritive value
2
조회
0
다운로드
1
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is an important forage legume grown in Kansas, USA and its productivity with cool-season grasses however is unknown. The objective of this study was to determine the dry matter yield (DMY) and forage nutritive value of alfalfa-grass mixtures compared to those of alfalfa and grasses grown in monoculture with and without nitrogen fertilization. Three different alfalfa varieties were planted (reduced-lignin alfalfa, Roundup Ready, and conventional alfalfa) and two kinds of cool-season grasses (smooth brome, Bromus inermis Leyss, and tall fescue, Festuca arundinacea Schreb) were planted as a monoculture or in alfalfa-grass mixtures. Nitrogen fertilizer (urea) was applied at green-up at a rate of 56 kg/ha and after the second cutting at a rate of 56 kg/ha in 2016 and 2017, respectively. and control treatments received no nitrogen. DMY was significantly higher in monoculture alfalfa and alfalfa-grass mixtures than in grass monocultures. Between alfalfa monoculture and alfalfa-grass mixtures, no significant differences in DMY were found. For all treatments, nitrogen application significantly increased DMY compared to the control. In 2016 and 2017, the low-lignin alfalfa monoculture had the lowest acid detergent fiber (ADF) and the grass monocultures had the highest ADF. In 2016 and 2017, neutral detergent fiber (NDF) in smooth bromegrass and tall fescue was higher than in other species treatments. A low-lignin alfalfa monoculture had significantly lower NDF concentration compared to alfalfa-grass mixtures. When averaged over 2016 and 2017, relative feed value (RFV) was highest in low-lignin alfalfa and lowest in the grass monocultures. In both years, nitrogen fertilizer application did not affect nutritive values.
Abstract
Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is an important forage legume grown in Kansas, USA and its productivity with cool-season grasses however is unknown. The objective of this study was to determine the dry matter yield (DMY) and forage nutritive value of alfalfa-grass mixtures compared to those of alfalfa and grasses grown in monoculture with and without nitrogen fertilization. Three different alfalfa varieties were planted (reduced-lignin alfalfa, Roundup Ready, and conventional alfalfa) and two kinds of cool-season grasses (smooth brome, Bromus inermis Leyss, and tall fescue, Festuca arundinacea Schreb) were planted as a monoculture or in alfalfa-grass mixtures. Nitrogen fertilizer (urea) was applied at green-up at a rate of 56 kg/ha and after the second cutting at a rate of 56 kg/ha in 2016 and 2017, respectively. and control treatments received no nitrogen. DMY was significantly higher in monoculture alfalfa and alfalfa-grass mixtures than in grass monocultures. Between alfalfa monoculture and alfalfa-grass mixtures, no significant differences in DMY were found. For all treatments, nitrogen application significantly increased DMY compared to the control. In 2016 and 2017, the low-lignin alfalfa monoculture had the lowest acid detergent fiber (ADF) and the grass monocultures had the highest ADF. In 2016 and 2017, neutral detergent fiber (NDF) in smooth bromegrass and tall fescue was higher than in other species treatments. A low-lignin alfalfa monoculture had significantly lower NDF concentration compared to alfalfa-grass mixtures. When averaged over 2016 and 2017, relative feed value (RFV) was highest in low-lignin alfalfa and lowest in the grass monocultures. In both years, nitrogen fertilizer application did not affect nutritive values.
참고문헌 (41)
- Barness RF, "Forages. Volume 1: an introduction to grassland agriculture" (2003), Iowa State University Press
- Lacefield G, "Growing alfalfa in the South" (2009), National Alfalfa and Forage Alliance
- Laxman Adhikari, "Nodulation response to molybdenum supplementation in alfalfa and its correlation with root and shoot growth in low pH soil", Journal of Plant Nutrition, 40(16), pp.2290~2302 (2017), Informa UK Limited[DOI]
- G. H. Heichel, "Dinitrogen Fixation, Nitrogen Transfer, and Productivity of Forage Legume‐Grass Communities", Crop Science, 31(1), pp.202~208 (1991), Wiley[DOI]
- S.S. Malhi, "Effectiveness of alfalfa in reducing fertilizer N input for optimum forage yield, protein concentration, returns and energy performance of bromegrass-alfalfa mixtures", Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems, 62(3), pp.219~227 (2002), Springer Science and Business Media LLC[DOI]
- T. C. Ta, "Effects of alfalfa proportions and clipping frequencies on timothy‐alfalfa mixtures. II. nitrogen fixation and transfer", Agron J, 79(5), pp.820~824 (1987), Wiley[DOI]
- J. C. Kopp, "Yield, quality and cost effectiveness of using fertilizer and", or alfalfa to improve meadow bromegrass pastures, 2003, pp.83(2), 291~298[DOI]
- Byron Sleugh, "Binary Legume–Grass Mixtures Improve Forage Yield, Quality, and Seasonal Distribution", Agronomy Journal, 92(1), pp.24~29 (2000), Wiley[DOI]
- E. Sturludóttir, "Benefits of mixing grasses and legumes for herbage yield and nutritive value in Northern Europe and Canada", Grass and Forage Science, 69(2), pp.229~240 (2014), Wiley[DOI]
- Waldron BL, "Tall fescue forage mass in a grass-legume mixture: predicted efficiency of indirect selection", Euphytica, 213, pp.67~ (2017)[DOI]
- Albayrak S, "An investigation on the establishment of artificial pasture under ankara’s ecological conditions", Turk J Agric For, 29, pp.69~74 (2005)
- Woodfield DR, "Do forage legumes have a role in modern dairy farming systems", Irish J Agric Food Res, 48, pp.137~147 (2009)
- John D. Berdahl, "Dry Matter Yields of Cool‐Season Grass Monocultures and Grass–Alfalfa Binary Mixtures", Agronomy Journal, 93(2), pp.463~467 (2001), Wiley[DOI]
- Charles JP, "The importance of grass", legume mixtures in forage production in Switzerland, 1989, pp.119, 311~320
- Selahattin CINAR, "Forage yield and botanical composition of mixtures of some perennial warm season grasses with alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) under mediterranean condi", Turkish Journal Of Field Crops, 19(1), pp.13~18 (2014), Turkish Journal of Field Crops[DOI]
- Benjamin F. Tracy, "Evaluation of Alfalfa-Tall Fescue Mixtures across Multiple Environments", Crop Science, 56(4), pp.2026~2034 (2016), Wiley[DOI]
- Suleyman Sengul, "Performance of some forage grasses or legumes and their mixtures under dry land conditions", European Journal of Agronomy, 19(3), pp.401~409 (2003), Elsevier BV[DOI]
- Rasmussen J, "N2-fixation and residual N effect of four legume species and four companion grass species", Eur J Agron, 36, pp.66~74 (2012)[DOI]
- Liu Y, "Sustainable agriculture volume 2", pp.883~905 (2011), Springer
- R.L.M. Schils, "The performance of a white clover based dairy system in comparison with a grass", fertiliser-N system. I. Botanical composition and sward utilisation, 2000, pp.48(3), 291~303[DOI]
- R.L.M. Schils, "The performance of a white clover based dairy system in comparison with a grass", fertiliser-N system. II. Animal production, economics and environment, 2000, pp.48(3), 305~318[DOI]
- Humphreys J, "Comparison of milk production from clover-based and fertilizer-N-based grassland on a clay-loam soil under moist temperate climatic conditions", Irish J Agric Food Res, 48, pp.189~207 (2009)
- Understanding forage quality, "Ball DM", American Farm Bureau Federation, ~, pp.Publication No. 1-01 (2001)
- "Effects of forage quality on a camelid feeding program" (2013)[URL]
- A.N. Brown, "Nutritional composition and in vitro digestibility of grass and legume winter (cover) crops", Journal of Dairy Science, 101(3), pp.2037~2047 (2018), American Dairy Science Association[DOI]
- "Web soil survey" (2017)[URL]
- D. A. Rohweder, "Proposed Hay Grading Standards Based on Laboratory Analyses for Evaluating Quality", Journal of Animal Science, 47(3), pp.747~759 (1978), Oxford University Press (OUP)[DOI]
- De Ponti T, "The crop yield gap between organic and conventional agriculture", Agric Syst, 108, pp.1~9 (2012)[DOI]
- Brennan EB, "Comparison of rye and legume-rye cover crop mixtures for vegetable production in California", Agron J, 103, pp.449~463 (2011)[DOI]
- M. Gierus, "Forage legume species determine the nutritional quality of binary mixtures with perennial ryegrass in the first production year", Animal Feed Science and Technology, 172(3-4), pp.150~161 (2012), Elsevier BV[DOI]
- Guldan SJ, "Evaluation of irrigated tall fescue-legume communities in the steppe of the southern rocky mountains", Agron J, 92, pp.1189~1195 (2000)[DOI]
- Alfredo Aponte, "Alfalfa-grass mixtures in comparison to grass and alfalfa monocultures", Agronomy Journal, 111(2), pp.628~638 (2019), Wiley[DOI]
- Undersander D, "Alfalfa grass mixtures", Proceedings of the 2012 Wisconsin Crop Management Conference, pp.83~90 (2012)
- Matthew C. Mortenson, "Carbon sequestration in rangelands interseeded with yellow-flowering alfalfa (Medicago sativa ssp. falcata)", Environmental Management, 33(S1), pp.S475~S481 (2004), Springer Science and Business Media LLC[DOI]
- S. C. Rao, "Interseeding Novel Cool‐Season Annual Legumes to Improve Bermudagrass Paddocks", Crop Science, 47(1), pp.168~173 (2007), Wiley[DOI]
- Interpreting your forage test report, "Robinson PH", University of Cal-ifornia, ~ (1998)
- E. T. Sottie, "Alfalfa Pasture Bloat Can Be Eliminated by Intermixing with Newly‐Developed Sainfoin Population", Agronomy Journal, 106(4), pp.1470~1478 (2014), Wiley[DOI]
- Hans-Joachim G. Jung, "Analysis of Forage Fiber and Cell Walls in Ruminant Nutrition", The Journal of Nutrition, 127(5), pp.810S~813S (1997), Oxford University Press (OUP)[DOI]
- Ergon Å, "Species interactions in a grassland mixture under low nitrogen fertilization and two cutting frequencies: 1. dry‐matter yield and dynamics of species composition", Grass Forage Sci, 71, pp.667~682 (2016)[DOI]
- W.J. Fulkerson, "Nutritive value of forage species grown in the warm temperate climate of Australia for dairy cows: Grasses and legumes", Livestock Science, 107(2-3), pp.253~264 (2007), Elsevier BV[DOI]
- K.L. Kammes, "Rates of particle size reduction and passage are faster for legume compared with cool-season grass, resulting in lower rumen fill and less effective fiber", Journal of Dairy Science, 95(6), pp.3288~3297 (2012), American Dairy Science Association[DOI]
