축분 퇴비화 과정 중 퇴비 부숙도를 고려한 암모니아 발생량 산정
Estimation of Ammonia Emission During Composting Iivestock Manure Based on the Degree of Compost Maturity
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초록
본 연구는 축분 퇴비화시 대기 중으로 배출되는 암모니아 발생량을 퇴비 부숙 단계에 따라 예측할 수 있는 통계적 모델을 제안하는 데 있다. 퇴비의 발아지수를 근거로 퇴비화 단계를 초기, 중기 및 후기로 구분하였으며, 퇴비화시 암모니아 발생에 기여하는 독립변수로 총 질소와 유기물 함량을 선정하였다. 암모니아 농도는 퇴비화 초기에 10ppm 정도의 낮은 농도를 보이다가 중기에 50ppm까지 증가한 후 후기에는 경시적으로 감소하여 다시 10ppm 정도로 저감되는 경향을 보였다. 총 질소와 유기물의 함량은 퇴비화 전체 기간 동안 각각 0.6 ～1.2%, 30～40%의 범위를 보였으며, 퇴비화 중기에 약간 저감되는 현상이 관찰되었으나 전반적으로 일정한 증감 변화 양상은 나타나지 않았다. 통계적 기법을 적용한 퇴비 부숙 단계별 암모니아 발생량 산정에 있어 암모니아 농도가 가장 높게 나타난 퇴비화 중기에 독립변수에 대한 계수가 가장 높은 값을 나타내었고 가장 낮았던 퇴비화 초기에 가장 낮은 값을 보였으나, 통계적 유의성은 없었다. 퇴비화시 암모니아 발생량 예측 모델을 통계적으로 유의한 수준으로 제안하기 위해서는 많은 수의 시료 채취 및 분석 자료 연구가 향후 수행되어야 할 것이다.
Abstract
Principal aim of this study is to suggest the statistical equation model which can predict an amount of ammonia emission according to the degree of compost maturity during composting livestock manure. Composting process was classified with intial, midterm and final phase based on germination index of compost samples. Total Kjeldahl nitrogen(TKN) and organic matter(OM) were selected as the independent variables available to contribute to ammonia emission from composting pile. Ammonia concentration measured in the samples taken at the intial phase was about 10ppm, sharply increased to 50ppm at the midterm phase, and gradually decreased to about 10ppm. The contents of Total Kjeldahl nitrogen and organic matter through whole composting period were ranged from 0.6 to 1.2% and from 30 to 40%, respectively, were reduced slightly at the midterm phase, but generally showed no constant fluctuation pattern. In estimating ammonia emission with application of the statistical equation model, the coefficients of independent variables at the midterm phase when an average concentration of ammonia was highest showed a relatively high values whereas those at the initial phase when an that of ammonia was lowest indicated a relatively low values. However, no statistical significance was found in the coefficients of independent variables and the equation model. Additionally, the further research, which can include the considerable analysis data with more samples taken than this study, is needed in order to suggest the statistically significant equation model available to predict ammonia emission during composting process.
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