우분뇨 퇴비화 중 암모니아 휘산에 대한 이분해성 및 난분해성 유기 첨가물의 역할
The Role of Organic Amendments with Different Biodegradability in Ammonia Volatilization during Composting of Cattle Manure
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초록
This study was conducted to investigate the roles of co-existed organic materials (OM) with different biodegradability in composting of cattle manure in terms of CO2 emission and NH3 volatilization. Either sawdust (SD, low biodegradability) or rice bran (RB, high biodegradability) was mixed with cattle manure at a various rate and the amounts of CO2 emission and NH3 volatilization were determined periodically during 4 weeks of composting. Percentage of dry matter loss during the composting period was also calculated. The amount of CO2 emitted increased with increasing rate of OM and was significantly (P<0.01) higher in the RB treatment than in the SD treatment by 43 to 122% depending on the rate of OM. Accordingly, % of dry matter loss during 4 weeks of composting was higher in the RB (rang: from 35.1% to 41.5%) than that in the SD treatments (from 18.7% to 22.6%), showing that RB is more biodegradable than SD. During the early composting period up to 8 days, negligible amount of ammonia volatilization was detected in both treatments regardless of application rates. In the RB treatment, substantial amount of ammonia volatilization was detected thereafter; however, no meaningful ammonia volatilization was observed in the SD treatment until the end of composting. Such differences could be attributed to the different properties of SD and RB. For example, the high C/N ratio of SD could enhance NH4+ immobilization and thus decrease NH4+ concentration that is susceptible to ammonia volatilization. Binding of NH4+ on to phenolic compounds of SD may also contribute to the decrease in NH4+ concentration. Meanwhile, as RB has a relatively low C/N ratio, remineralization of immobilized NH4+ could increase NH4+ concentration as high as the level for the occurrence of ammonia volatilization. Therefore, our study suggests that OM which is resistant to biodegradation can reduce NH3 volatilization largely by physico-chemical pathways across the entire composting period and that easily biodegradable OM can retard NH3 volatilzation via microbial immobilization in the early period of composting followed by rapid remineralization, leading to substantial volatilization of NH3 in the middle stage of composting.
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the roles of co-existed organic materials (OM) with different biodegradability in composting of cattle manure in terms of CO2 emission and NH3 volatilization. Either sawdust (SD, low biodegradability) or rice bran (RB, high biodegradability) was mixed with cattle manure at a various rate and the amounts of CO2 emission and NH3 volatilization were determined periodically during 4 weeks of composting. Percentage of dry matter loss during the composting period was also calculated. The amount of CO2 emitted increased with increasing rate of OM and was significantly (P<0.01) higher in the RB treatment than in the SD treatment by 43 to 122% depending on the rate of OM. Accordingly, % of dry matter loss during 4 weeks of composting was higher in the RB (rang: from 35.1% to 41.5%) than that in the SD treatments (from 18.7% to 22.6%), showing that RB is more biodegradable than SD. During the early composting period up to 8 days, negligible amount of ammonia volatilization was detected in both treatments regardless of application rates. In the RB treatment, substantial amount of ammonia volatilization was detected thereafter; however, no meaningful ammonia volatilization was observed in the SD treatment until the end of composting. Such differences could be attributed to the different properties of SD and RB. For example, the high C/N ratio of SD could enhance NH4+ immobilization and thus decrease NH4+ concentration that is susceptible to ammonia volatilization. Binding of NH4+ on to phenolic compounds of SD may also contribute to the decrease in NH4+ concentration. Meanwhile, as RB has a relatively low C/N ratio, remineralization of immobilized NH4+ could increase NH4+ concentration as high as the level for the occurrence of ammonia volatilization. Therefore, our study suggests that OM which is resistant to biodegradation can reduce NH3 volatilization largely by physico-chemical pathways across the entire composting period and that easily biodegradable OM can retard NH3 volatilzation via microbial immobilization in the early period of composting followed by rapid remineralization, leading to substantial volatilization of NH3 in the middle stage of composting.
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