Effects of citrus pulp, fish by-product and Bacillus subtilis fermentation biomass on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and fecal microflora of weanling pigs
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An experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation with citrus pulp, fish by-product,and Bacillus subtilis fermentation biomass on the growth performance, apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) ofnutrients, and fecal microflora of weanling pigs. A total of 180 weaned piglets (Landrace × Yorkshire × Duroc) wererandomly allotted to three treatments on the basis of body weight (BW). There were six replicate pens in eachtreatment with 10 piglets per pen. Dietary treatments were corn-soybean meal-based basal diet supplemented with 0(control), 2.5, and 5.0% citrus pulp, fish by-product, and B. subtilis fermentation biomass. The isocaloric and isoproteineousexperimental diets were fed in mash form in two phases (d 0 ~ 14, phase I and d 15 ~ 28, phase II). Dietary treatmentshad significant linear effects on gain to feed ratio (G:F) in all periods, whereas significant linear effects on ATTD of drymatter (DM), gross energy (GE), and ash were only observed in phase I. Piglets fed diet supplemented with 5.0% citruspulp, fish by-product, and B. subtilis fermentation biomass showed greater (p < 0.05) G:F (phase I, phase II, and overall)as well as ATTD of DM, GE, and ash (phase I) than pigs fed control diet. Dietary treatments also had significant lineareffects on total anaerobic bacteria populations by d 14 and 28. In addition, piglets fed diet supplemented with 5.0%citrus pulp, fish by-product and B. subtilis fermentation biomass showed greater (p < 0.05) fecal total anaerobic bacteriapopulations (d 14 and 28) than pigs fed control diet. Dietary treatments had no significant effects (linear or quadratic)on average daily gain (ADG), average dial feed intake (ADFI; phase I, phase II, and overall), or fecal populations ofBifidobacterium spp., Clostridium spp., and coliforms (d 14 and 28). These results indicate that dietary supplementationwith 5.0% citrus pulp, fish by-product, and B. subtilis fermentation biomass has the potential to improve the feedefficiency, nutrient digestibility, and fecal microflora of weanling pigs.
Abstract
An experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation with citrus pulp, fish by-product,and Bacillus subtilis fermentation biomass on the growth performance, apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) ofnutrients, and fecal microflora of weanling pigs. A total of 180 weaned piglets (Landrace × Yorkshire × Duroc) wererandomly allotted to three treatments on the basis of body weight (BW). There were six replicate pens in eachtreatment with 10 piglets per pen. Dietary treatments were corn-soybean meal-based basal diet supplemented with 0(control), 2.5, and 5.0% citrus pulp, fish by-product, and B. subtilis fermentation biomass. The isocaloric and isoproteineousexperimental diets were fed in mash form in two phases (d 0 ~ 14, phase I and d 15 ~ 28, phase II). Dietary treatmentshad significant linear effects on gain to feed ratio (G:F) in all periods, whereas significant linear effects on ATTD of drymatter (DM), gross energy (GE), and ash were only observed in phase I. Piglets fed diet supplemented with 5.0% citruspulp, fish by-product, and B. subtilis fermentation biomass showed greater (p < 0.05) G:F (phase I, phase II, and overall)as well as ATTD of DM, GE, and ash (phase I) than pigs fed control diet. Dietary treatments also had significant lineareffects on total anaerobic bacteria populations by d 14 and 28. In addition, piglets fed diet supplemented with 5.0%citrus pulp, fish by-product and B. subtilis fermentation biomass showed greater (p < 0.05) fecal total anaerobic bacteriapopulations (d 14 and 28) than pigs fed control diet. Dietary treatments had no significant effects (linear or quadratic)on average daily gain (ADG), average dial feed intake (ADFI; phase I, phase II, and overall), or fecal populations ofBifidobacterium spp., Clostridium spp., and coliforms (d 14 and 28). These results indicate that dietary supplementationwith 5.0% citrus pulp, fish by-product, and B. subtilis fermentation biomass has the potential to improve the feedefficiency, nutrient digestibility, and fecal microflora of weanling pigs.
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