Preliminary Study of the Effects of CO2 on the Survival and Gowth of Olive Flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) Juveniles
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As a result of human industrial development, carbon dioxide (CO2) is currently accumulating in the atmosphere and dissolving into the oceans. Sequestration into the deep sea has been proposed as a possible solution to this increasing atmospheric CO2, although the impact of such a program on marine ecosystems is unknown. We examined the effects of increased CO2 levels on the growth of the olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus. Juvenile olive flounder 40 days post hatching were exposed to two levels of CO2 (3.60¬-7.55 and 4.05¬-11.46 kPa) in running seawater for 26 days. During the exposure period, the pH and CO2 levels of the water were measured, and the numbers of dead individuals were counted in each aquarium. Following the exposure period, the total lengths (mm) and body weights (mg) of the juvenile fish were measured. Both CO2 treatments significantly increased fish mortality compared to controls (19.87±4.53% vs. 7.14% and 75.96±1.36% vs. 7.14% for high and low doses, respectively). After the high CO2 treatment, total length (14.98±6.58 mm vs. 19.52±1.83 mm) and body weight (28.92±13.85 mg vs. 67.35±18.32 mg) of the exposed flounder were reduced compared to the control fish; however, no significant differences in these values were observed after the low CO2 dose. These results suggested that CO2 exposure inhibits growth in the juvenile stage and that CO2-enriched seawater is toxic in the early life stages of olive flounder.
Abstract
As a result of human industrial development, carbon dioxide (CO2) is currently accumulating in the atmosphere and dissolving into the oceans. Sequestration into the deep sea has been proposed as a possible solution to this increasing atmospheric CO2, although the impact of such a program on marine ecosystems is unknown. We examined the effects of increased CO2 levels on the growth of the olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus. Juvenile olive flounder 40 days post hatching were exposed to two levels of CO2 (3.60¬-7.55 and 4.05¬-11.46 kPa) in running seawater for 26 days. During the exposure period, the pH and CO2 levels of the water were measured, and the numbers of dead individuals were counted in each aquarium. Following the exposure period, the total lengths (mm) and body weights (mg) of the juvenile fish were measured. Both CO2 treatments significantly increased fish mortality compared to controls (19.87±4.53% vs. 7.14% and 75.96±1.36% vs. 7.14% for high and low doses, respectively). After the high CO2 treatment, total length (14.98±6.58 mm vs. 19.52±1.83 mm) and body weight (28.92±13.85 mg vs. 67.35±18.32 mg) of the exposed flounder were reduced compared to the control fish; however, no significant differences in these values were observed after the low CO2 dose. These results suggested that CO2 exposure inhibits growth in the juvenile stage and that CO2-enriched seawater is toxic in the early life stages of olive flounder.
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