Synergistic Effects of Dietary Vitamins C and E on Methylmercury-Induced Toxicity in Juvenile Olive Flounder Paralichthys olivaceus
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This experiment was conducted to evaluate the combined effects of vitamin C and E on tissue mercury (Hg) burden, as well as overall growth-related problems occurred in juvenile olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus as a result of methylmercury (MeHg) accumulation. Nine experimental diets containing three different vitamin C (0, 200 and 400 mg/kg diet in the form of L-ascorbyl-2-monophosphate) and vitamin E (0, 100 and 200 mg/kg diet in the form of DL-α-tocopheryl acetate) concentrations with the same Hg (20 mg/kg diet in the form of MeHg) content in 3 × 3 factorial design were fed to triplicate groups of juvenile olive flounder. Juvenile olive flounder had a mean weight of 2.3 ± 0.05 g (mean ± SD) and were fed in a flow-through system for 8 weeks. Fish that were fed 400 mg/kg vitamin C with 100 and 200 mg/kg vitamin E showed significantly higher (P < 0.05) weight gain (WG). Feed efficiency (FE), specific growth rate (SGR) and the protein efficiency ratio (PER) were significantly (P < 0.05) higher for fish fed diets containing 400 mg/kg vitamin C at all vitamin E levels, and also for those supplemented with vitamin C and E equally at a concentration of 200 mg/kg. Significantly lower (P < 0.05) Hg levels were observed in muscle and kidney from fish fed 200 and 400 mg/kg vitamin C at all vitamin E levels. Thus, we conclude that poor growth performance from MeHg could be ameliorated, and tissue Hg burden could be reduced, by supplementing dietary vitamin C (200 and 400 mg/kg) with vitamin E (100 and 200 mg/kg) in juvenile olive flounder.
Abstract
This experiment was conducted to evaluate the combined effects of vitamin C and E on tissue mercury (Hg) burden, as well as overall growth-related problems occurred in juvenile olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus as a result of methylmercury (MeHg) accumulation. Nine experimental diets containing three different vitamin C (0, 200 and 400 mg/kg diet in the form of L-ascorbyl-2-monophosphate) and vitamin E (0, 100 and 200 mg/kg diet in the form of DL-α-tocopheryl acetate) concentrations with the same Hg (20 mg/kg diet in the form of MeHg) content in 3 × 3 factorial design were fed to triplicate groups of juvenile olive flounder. Juvenile olive flounder had a mean weight of 2.3 ± 0.05 g (mean ± SD) and were fed in a flow-through system for 8 weeks. Fish that were fed 400 mg/kg vitamin C with 100 and 200 mg/kg vitamin E showed significantly higher (P < 0.05) weight gain (WG). Feed efficiency (FE), specific growth rate (SGR) and the protein efficiency ratio (PER) were significantly (P < 0.05) higher for fish fed diets containing 400 mg/kg vitamin C at all vitamin E levels, and also for those supplemented with vitamin C and E equally at a concentration of 200 mg/kg. Significantly lower (P < 0.05) Hg levels were observed in muscle and kidney from fish fed 200 and 400 mg/kg vitamin C at all vitamin E levels. Thus, we conclude that poor growth performance from MeHg could be ameliorated, and tissue Hg burden could be reduced, by supplementing dietary vitamin C (200 and 400 mg/kg) with vitamin E (100 and 200 mg/kg) in juvenile olive flounder.
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