Effects of Nonylphenol and 2,2’,4,6,6’-pentachlorobiphenyl on in vitro Sex Steroid Production in Maturing Oocytes of the Yellowfin Goby, Acanthogobius flavimanus
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Several studies have reported that nonylphenol (NP) and 2,2’,4,6,6’-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB104) exhibit estrogenic activity. To investigate the estrogenic potency of NP and PCB104 during oocyte maturation, fully vitellogenic oocytes (0.76-mm diameter in average) of yellowfin goby, Acanthogobius flavimanus, were exposed in vitro to these chemicals at different concentrations (0.1, 1, 10, 100, and 1,000-ng/mL) with the exogenous precursor 17α-hydroxyprogesterone (17αOHP) 50 ng/mL in the presence or absence of human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG). The production of testosterone (T), estradiol-17β (E2), and 17α,20β-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (17α20βOHP) in response to NP or PCB104 were measured by radioimmunoassay. Steroid levels were also expressed as E2/T and E2/17α20βOHP ratios. In the absence of HCG, no significant differences in either NP or PCB104 treatment groups were observed. In the presence of HCG, NP treatment did not show significant differences in the production of T, E2, and 17α20βOHP at any concentrations tested, but E2/T ratios were decreased at concentrations of 0.1, 1, 10, and 1,000 ng/mL compared with the control group. PCB104 decreased E2 production at concentrations of 0.1, 10, and 1000 ng/mL, but did not show significant differences in the production of T and 17α20βOHP at any concentration tested. While E2/T ratios were decreased at PCB104 concentrations of 0.1, 1, 10, and 1,000 ng/mL, E2/17α20βOHP ratios were also decreased at 0.1, 10, and 1,000 ng/mL compared with the control. Results indicate that both NP and PCB104 appeared to have antiestrogenic effects during this phase.
Abstract
Several studies have reported that nonylphenol (NP) and 2,2’,4,6,6’-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB104) exhibit estrogenic activity. To investigate the estrogenic potency of NP and PCB104 during oocyte maturation, fully vitellogenic oocytes (0.76-mm diameter in average) of yellowfin goby, Acanthogobius flavimanus, were exposed in vitro to these chemicals at different concentrations (0.1, 1, 10, 100, and 1,000-ng/mL) with the exogenous precursor 17α-hydroxyprogesterone (17αOHP) 50 ng/mL in the presence or absence of human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG). The production of testosterone (T), estradiol-17β (E2), and 17α,20β-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (17α20βOHP) in response to NP or PCB104 were measured by radioimmunoassay. Steroid levels were also expressed as E2/T and E2/17α20βOHP ratios. In the absence of HCG, no significant differences in either NP or PCB104 treatment groups were observed. In the presence of HCG, NP treatment did not show significant differences in the production of T, E2, and 17α20βOHP at any concentrations tested, but E2/T ratios were decreased at concentrations of 0.1, 1, 10, and 1,000 ng/mL compared with the control group. PCB104 decreased E2 production at concentrations of 0.1, 10, and 1000 ng/mL, but did not show significant differences in the production of T and 17α20βOHP at any concentration tested. While E2/T ratios were decreased at PCB104 concentrations of 0.1, 1, 10, and 1,000 ng/mL, E2/17α20βOHP ratios were also decreased at 0.1, 10, and 1,000 ng/mL compared with the control. Results indicate that both NP and PCB104 appeared to have antiestrogenic effects during this phase.
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