사회적기업의 역량요인이 공익적 성과와 영리적 성과에 미치는 영향
An Empirical Study on the Effect of Capacity Factors on Profit and Public Outcome of Social Enterprise
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초록
본 연구는 사회적기업의 현실적 문제를 해결하기 위해 공익적성과를 추구하는 사회적기업의 역량요인이 무엇인가를 규명하는 것이다. 따라서 국내 사회적기업의 초기단계를 고려하여 사회적기업에 대한 정의와 유형, 그리고 우리나라의 사회적기업에 대하여 고찰하고, 선행연구를 통해 기존의 사회적기업 성공을 위한 역량요인들을 살펴보았다. 본 연구의 분석은 SPSS와 LISREL 프로그램을 활용하여 기업가적 요인, 조직적 요인, 환경적 요인, 전략적 요인 등 크게 4가지 역량요인과 사회적기업의 성과간의 관계를 국내 사회적기업 인증기업과 신청기업을 중심으로 99개의 사회적기업에 대한 설문결과를 대상으로 구조적관계를 검증하였으며 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 사회적기업의 기업가적 요인은 영리적 성과와 공익적 성과 모두에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 파트너십과 종업원의 역량으로 구성된 조직적 요인은 영리적 성과에 유의한 영향을 미쳤으며, 셋째, 환경적 요인도 영리적 성과 그리고 전략적 요인도 영리적 성과에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 즉, 기업가적 요인을 제외한 나머지 3개의 요인들은 공익적 성과에 유의한 영향을 미치지 않았다. 마지막으로 사회적기업의 공익적 성과는 영리적 성과의 매개효과를 통하여 영향을 받고 있음을 확인할 수 있었다. 이는 향후 사회적기업의 지속적 성장과 발전을 위해서는 기업에 대한 정부의 직접적 지원보다 기업적 역량을 키우는 일이 중요한 과제로 확인되었으며 이를 위해 제도의 개선과 지속적인 경영지원, 상품개발의 지원 등이 요구된다는 것을 확인할 수 있었다.
Abstract
This study has the purpose to find the capacity factors for the social enterprise and it can solve the social enterprise' financial affairs with public good. The study started from the definition and types of social enterprises considering the early stage of domestic social enterprises in Korea and expands to capacity factors and models examining advanced foreign countries. For the survey and analysis, 99 domestic social enterprises certified as a social enterprise which were collected and analyzed. The capacity factors of social enterprise were defined with 4 factors such as a entrepreneurship, organization, environment and strategic factor, then the structural relation between the 4 factors and outcome is verified by using SPSS and LISREL programs. The summarized results are as follows. First, the entrepreneur factor affects both profit and public outcome. Specially, the social network, major successful factor revealed in Moshe and Lerner's study(2006) also affects meaningfully in Korea. Second, the organization factor affects the profit outcome through partner ship, capability of employees. Third, as the result of statistical analysis, the environment factor of social enterprise affects profit outcome. Fourth, the strategic factor affects meaningfully profit outcome. but exclude the entrepreneur factor, the other 3 factors don't affects public outcome that means today's social enterprise is weak in the other factors. Lastly, as the result of effect analysis, public outcome to achieve a social enterprise's propose is affected by profit outcome. It is found that to raise capability of enterprise is more important than government support. And social system improvement, sustainable management support, product development support and introduction of the linked system with major companies are required to come into effect.
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