Effect of dietary natural phytoncide on blood characteristics to lipopolysaccharide challenge of Hanwoo cattle
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This study indicated that dietary natural phytoncide feed additives altered immunerelated serum parameters and serum metabolites in Hanwoo bulls. Cypress (CYP) and mugwort (MUG) extracts were supplemented at 0.5 mg/kg of concentrate diet for 90 days. A total of 15 bulls with initial body weights of 196.00±5.33 kg (control), 196.00±3.91 kg (CYP), and 196.00±3.31 kg (MUG) were used in a 90-day feeding experiment. Changes in serum immunological parameters were analyzed following a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge. To minimize stress, a jugular vein catheter was installed in each animal, and animals were acclimated for 24 hours before sampling. Blood samples were collected 13 times at 30-minute intervals after the third sampling point, following intravenous injection of LPS (1 μg/kg bodyweigth). Serum albumin (ALB), glucose (GLU), total protein (TP), triglycerides (TG), inorganic phosphorus (IP), non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), cortisol, and proinflammatory cytokines including interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were analyzed using standard procedures. After LPS injection, serum GLU and TG levels increased (p > 0.05), whereas serum NEFA levels decreased (p < 0.05). Neither serum GLU nor TG levels were significantly affected by phytoncide supplementation. Proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α increased over time after LPS injection; however, serum TNF-α levels tended to be lower in the phytoncidetreated groups compared to the CON (p > 0.05). Additionally, serum cortisol levels were lower in phytoncide-treated groups than in the CON following LPS challenge, although the difference was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). In conclusion, dietary supplementation with natural phytoncide modified serum metabolite profiles and contributed to a reduction in proinflammatory cytokine responses in Hanwoo bulls under LPS-induced immune stress.
Abstract
This study indicated that dietary natural phytoncide feed additives altered immunerelated serum parameters and serum metabolites in Hanwoo bulls. Cypress (CYP) and mugwort (MUG) extracts were supplemented at 0.5 mg/kg of concentrate diet for 90 days. A total of 15 bulls with initial body weights of 196.00±5.33 kg (control), 196.00±3.91 kg (CYP), and 196.00±3.31 kg (MUG) were used in a 90-day feeding experiment. Changes in serum immunological parameters were analyzed following a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge. To minimize stress, a jugular vein catheter was installed in each animal, and animals were acclimated for 24 hours before sampling. Blood samples were collected 13 times at 30-minute intervals after the third sampling point, following intravenous injection of LPS (1 μg/kg bodyweigth). Serum albumin (ALB), glucose (GLU), total protein (TP), triglycerides (TG), inorganic phosphorus (IP), non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), cortisol, and proinflammatory cytokines including interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were analyzed using standard procedures. After LPS injection, serum GLU and TG levels increased (p > 0.05), whereas serum NEFA levels decreased (p < 0.05). Neither serum GLU nor TG levels were significantly affected by phytoncide supplementation. Proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α increased over time after LPS injection; however, serum TNF-α levels tended to be lower in the phytoncidetreated groups compared to the CON (p > 0.05). Additionally, serum cortisol levels were lower in phytoncide-treated groups than in the CON following LPS challenge, although the difference was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). In conclusion, dietary supplementation with natural phytoncide modified serum metabolite profiles and contributed to a reduction in proinflammatory cytokine responses in Hanwoo bulls under LPS-induced immune stress.