해수 중 신방오도료(Diuron and Irgarol 1051) 및 트리아진계 제초제 (Prometryn)에 대한 LC-MS/MS 동시 분석법 정립
Simultaneous Analysis of Alternative Antifouling Agents (Diuron and Irgarol 1051) and Triazine Herbicide (Prometryn) in Seawater Using LC/ MS-MS
2
조회
0
다운로드
0
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
A simultaneous analytical method was developed to quantify antifouling agents and triazine herbicides in seawater using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The target compounds included diuron, irgarol 1051, and prometryn, which are prevalent in marine environments owing to their extensive use in antifouling coatings and agriculture. The analytical procedure involves solid-phase extraction (SPE) using HLB cartridges followed by LC-MS/MS analysis for precise quantification. The method exhibits high recovery rates for diuron (101% ± 1.25), irgarol 1051 (94.7% ± 2.08), and prometryn (93.7% ± 3.06). Seawater samples from 30 coastal sites in Korea were analyzed. Irgarol 1051 was not detected, whereas diuron was consistently detected across all sites, with concentrations from 0.68 to 11.3 ng/L, and prometryn was present at levels between 0.12 and 7.06 ng/L. The highest diuron and prometryn concentrations were recorded along the southeastern and western coasts, respectively. These findings underscore the critical need for continuous monitoring and regulations to manage these contaminants in marine ecosystems, thereby safeguarding ecological integrity and public health. This study establishes a robust analytical framework for the comprehensive assessment of multiple marine contaminants.
Abstract
A simultaneous analytical method was developed to quantify antifouling agents and triazine herbicides in seawater using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The target compounds included diuron, irgarol 1051, and prometryn, which are prevalent in marine environments owing to their extensive use in antifouling coatings and agriculture. The analytical procedure involves solid-phase extraction (SPE) using HLB cartridges followed by LC-MS/MS analysis for precise quantification. The method exhibits high recovery rates for diuron (101% ± 1.25), irgarol 1051 (94.7% ± 2.08), and prometryn (93.7% ± 3.06). Seawater samples from 30 coastal sites in Korea were analyzed. Irgarol 1051 was not detected, whereas diuron was consistently detected across all sites, with concentrations from 0.68 to 11.3 ng/L, and prometryn was present at levels between 0.12 and 7.06 ng/L. The highest diuron and prometryn concentrations were recorded along the southeastern and western coasts, respectively. These findings underscore the critical need for continuous monitoring and regulations to manage these contaminants in marine ecosystems, thereby safeguarding ecological integrity and public health. This study establishes a robust analytical framework for the comprehensive assessment of multiple marine contaminants.
참고문헌 (43)
- Alewu B, "Pesticides in the Modern World-Effects of Pesticides Exposure" (2011), InTech
- Almeida E, "Marine paints : the particular case of antifouling paints", Prog Org Coat, 59, pp.2~20 (2007)[DOI]
- Balakrishnan S, "Occurrence of diuron and irgarol in seawater, sediments and planktons of Seto Inland Sea, Japan", Geochem J, 46, pp.169~177 (2012)[DOI]
- Beceiro-González E, "A simple method for simultaneous determination of nine triazines in drinking water", Green Chem Lett Rev, 7, pp.271~277 (2014)[DOI]
- Boxall ABA, "Inputs, monitoring and fate modelling of antifouling biocides in UK estuaries", Mar Pollut Bull, 40, pp.898~905 (2000)[DOI]
- Brvar M, "Metabolic acidosis in prometryn(triazine herbicide)self-poisoning", Clin Toxicol, 46, pp.270~273 (2008)[DOI]
- Carafa R, "Seasonal variations of selected herbicides and related metabolites in water, sediment, seaweed and clams in the Sacca di Goro coastal lagoon(Northern Adriatic)", Chemosphere, 69, pp.1625~1637 (2007)[DOI]
- Castro IB, "Tintas anti-incrustantes de terceira geração : Novos biocidas no ambiente aquático", Quim Nova, 34, pp.1021~1031 (2011)[DOI]
- Chidya R, "Contamination, dynamics, and health risk assessment of pesticides in seawater and marine samples from the Seto Inland Sea, Japan", Environ Sci Pollut Res, 29, pp.67894~67907 (2022)[DOI]
- Dafforn KA, "Antifouling strategies : History and regulation, ecological impacts and mitigation", Mar Pollut Bull, 62, pp.453~465 (2011)[DOI]
- de Castro IB, "Organotin contamination in South American coastal areas", Environ Monit Assess, 184, pp.1781~1799 (2012)[DOI]
- Di Landa G, "Assessment of the potential ecological risks posed by antifouling booster biocides to the marine ecosystem of the Gulf of Napoli(Italy)", Water Air Soil Pollut, 200, pp.305~321 (2009)[DOI]
- Ecobichon DJ, "Pesticide use in developing countries", Toxicol, 160, pp.27~33 (2001)[DOI]
- EU(European Union), "Directive 2008", 105, Official J Eur Union, pp.2008, 348[DOI]
- Evans SM, "The TBT ban : Out of the frying pan into the fire?", Mar Pollut Bull, 40, pp.204~211 (2000)[DOI]
- Hawkins NJ, "The evolutionary origins of pesticide resistance", Biol Rev, 94, pp.135~155 (2019)[DOI]
- "Anti-fouling Systems" (2001)[URL]
- "Marine Environment Protection Committee" (2021)[URL]
- Key PB, "Effects of the anti-fouling herbicide Irgarol 1051 on two life stages of the grass shrimp, Palaemonetes pugio", J Environ Sci Health B, 43, pp.50~55 (2008)[DOI]
- Khan MJ, "Use of pesticides and their role in environmental pollution", World Acad Sci Eng Technol, 4, pp.85~91 (2010)
- Kim NS, "Assessment of TBT and organic booster biocide contamination in seawater from coastal areas of South Korea", Mar Pollut Bull, 78, pp.201~208 (2014)[DOI]
- Kobayashi N, "Effects of new antifouling compounds on the development of sea urchin", Mar Pollut Bull, 44, pp.748~751 (2002)[DOI]
- Köck-Schulmeyer M, "Medium to highly polar pesticides in seawater : Analysis and fate in coastal areas of Catalonia(NE Spain)", Chemosphere, 215, pp.515~523 (2019)[DOI]
- Konstantinou IK, "Worldwide occurrence and effects of antifouling paint booster biocides in the aquatic environment : A review", Environ Int, 30, pp.235~248 (2004)[DOI]
- Lamoree MH, "Determination of diuron and the antifouling paint biocide Irgarol 1051 in Dutch marinas and coastal waters", J Chromatogr A, 970, pp.183~190 (2002)[DOI]
- Manzo S, "Toxic effects of irgarol and diuron on sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus early development, fertilization, and offspring quality", Arch Environ Contam Toxicol, 51, pp.61~68 (2006)[DOI]
- Michra AK, "Sustainable Agriculture Reviews 50. Sustainable Agriculture Reviews", pp.383~400 (2021), Springer
- Nakhjavan B, "Optimization of a multiresidue analysis of 65 pesticides in surface water using solid-phase extraction by LC-MS", MS, 2021, pp.26, 6627~
- Okamura H, "Photodegradation of the antifouling compounds Irgarol 1051 and diuron released from a commercial antifouling paint", Chemosphere, 48, pp.43~50 (2002)[DOI]
- Okamura H, "Antifouling herbicides in the coastal waters of western Japan", Mar Pollut Bull, 47, pp.59~67 (2003)[DOI]
- Perina FC, "Comparative toxicity of antifouling compounds on the development of sea urchin", Ecotoxicol, 20, pp.1870~1880 (2011)[DOI]
- Piedra L, "Screening of antifouling pesticides in sea water samples at low ppt levels by GC-MS and LCMS", Chromatographia, 52, pp.631~638 (2000)[DOI]
- Polyrakis IT, "Predictive Modeling and Risk Assessment", pp.201~224 (2009), Springer
- Richards RP, "Pesticide concentration patterns in agricultural drainage networks in the Lake Erie basin", Environ Toxicol Chem, 12, pp.13~26 (1993)[DOI]
- Sabik H, "Multiresidue methods using solid-phase extraction techniques for monitoring priority pesticides, including triazines and degradation products, in ground and surface waters", J Chromatogr A, 885, pp.217~236 (2000)[DOI]
- Sánchez-Rodríguez Á, "Probabilistic risk assessment of common booster biocides in surface waters of the harbours of Gran Canaria(Spain)", Mar Pollut Bull, 62, pp.985~991 (2011)[DOI]
- van Wezel AP, "Environmental risk limits for antifouling substances", Aquat Toxicol, 66, pp.427~444 (2004)[DOI]
- Wang X, "Determination of pesticides and their degradation products in water samples by solid-phase extraction coupled with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry", Microchem J, 149, pp.104013~ (2019)[DOI]
- Weng R, "Multi-residue analysis of 126 pesticides in chicken muscle by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry", Food Chem, 309, pp.125503~ (2020)[DOI]
- Yang Y, "Acute toxicity, bioaccumulation and elimination of prometryn in tilapia(Oreochromis niloticus)", Chemosphere, 300, pp.134565~ (2022)[DOI]
- Zhang AQ, "Toxicities of the degraded mixture of irgarol 1051 to marine organisms", Chemosphere, 225, pp.565~573 (2019)[DOI]
- Zhang R, "Occurrence and ecological risks of 156pharmaceuticals and 296 pesticides in seawater from mariculture areas of Northeast China", Sci Total Environ, 792, pp.148375~ (2021)[DOI]
- Zhao L, "Presence and distribution of triazine herbicides and their effects on microbial communities in the Laizhou Bay, Northern China", Mar Pollut Bull, 186, pp.114460~ (2023)[DOI]
