Economic and non-economic loss and damage to climate change: evidence from a developing country shrimp farms to cyclone Bulbul
1
조회
0
다운로드
0
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
Loss and damage have become a vital contemporary issue in climate change studies and actions in developing countries. However, studies are scant on this in the fisheries sector around the world. In Bangladesh, there is no study on the loss and damage in fisheries dependent communities. This study assesses economic and non-economic loss and damage to coastal shrimp farms due to cyclone Bulbul in Gabura Union of Shyamnagar Upazila, Satkhira district, using a mixed method approach. Results show that all shrimp farms’ dependent communities are affected by cyclone Bulbul to some extent. About 14%, 57%, and 29% of the farms were totally, heavily and moderately damaged due to farm inundation and dyke damage. The estimated mean loss and damage per shrimp farm was worth USD 4,633. Around 31% and 72% of the farms’ fencing nets and traps were lost, which was worth USD 333 per farm. There were also loss and damage to other resources such as houses, solar panels, livestock and agricultural crops where the estimated mean loss and damage per household was worth USD 3,170. This study reported that the rich shrimp farmers encountered proportionately more economic loss and damage than their poor counterparts. However, this does not mean that the poor suffered less. The current study found a range of non-economic loss and damage in different aspects of the shrimp farmers’ household members such as unbearable mental pain, deterioration of health, physical injuries, disabilities, etc. and access to services (e.g., inadequate food, lack of safe drinking water, lack of medical facilities, disruption of education systems), social infrastructure (e.g., damage of roads and markets) and disturbance of cultural functions. The findings suggest that urgent short- and long-term actions may be taken to save the aquaculture farms and dependent livelihoods from economic and non-economic loss and damage to cyclones in future.
Abstract
Loss and damage have become a vital contemporary issue in climate change studies and actions in developing countries. However, studies are scant on this in the fisheries sector around the world. In Bangladesh, there is no study on the loss and damage in fisheries dependent communities. This study assesses economic and non-economic loss and damage to coastal shrimp farms due to cyclone Bulbul in Gabura Union of Shyamnagar Upazila, Satkhira district, using a mixed method approach. Results show that all shrimp farms’ dependent communities are affected by cyclone Bulbul to some extent. About 14%, 57%, and 29% of the farms were totally, heavily and moderately damaged due to farm inundation and dyke damage. The estimated mean loss and damage per shrimp farm was worth USD 4,633. Around 31% and 72% of the farms’ fencing nets and traps were lost, which was worth USD 333 per farm. There were also loss and damage to other resources such as houses, solar panels, livestock and agricultural crops where the estimated mean loss and damage per household was worth USD 3,170. This study reported that the rich shrimp farmers encountered proportionately more economic loss and damage than their poor counterparts. However, this does not mean that the poor suffered less. The current study found a range of non-economic loss and damage in different aspects of the shrimp farmers’ household members such as unbearable mental pain, deterioration of health, physical injuries, disabilities, etc. and access to services (e.g., inadequate food, lack of safe drinking water, lack of medical facilities, disruption of education systems), social infrastructure (e.g., damage of roads and markets) and disturbance of cultural functions. The findings suggest that urgent short- and long-term actions may be taken to save the aquaculture farms and dependent livelihoods from economic and non-economic loss and damage to cyclones in future.
참고문헌 (62)
- Abdullah AN, "The impact of the expansion of shrimp aquaculture on livelihoods in coastal Bangladesh", Environ Dev Sustain, 19, pp.2093~2114 (2017)
- Acosta LA, "Loss and damage from typhoon-induced floods and landslides in the Philippines : community perceptions on climate impacts and adaptation options", Int J Glob Warm, 9, pp.33~65 (2016)
- Ahmed N, "Linking prawn and shrimp farming towards a green economy in Bangladesh : confronting climate change", Ocean Coast Manag, 75, pp.33~42 (2013)
- Ahmed N, "Threatening"white gold" : impacts of climate change on shrimp farming in coastal Bangladesh", Ocean Coast Manag, 114, pp.42~52 (2015)
- Ahsan D, "Climate change and coastal aquaculture farmers’ risk perceptions : experiences from Bangladesh and Denmark", J Environ Plan Manag, 58, pp.1649~1665 (2015)
- Aiken KA, "Recovery after Hurricane Gilbert : implications for disaster preparedness in the fishing industry in Jamaica", Proc Gulf Caribbean Fish Inst, 41, pp.261~283 (1992)
- Alam AFMA, "Handbook of climate change adaptation", pp.2011~2034 (2015), Springer
- Andrei S, "Non-economic loss and damage caused by climatic stressors in selected coastal districts of Bangladesh" (2014), Dhaka
- Badjeck MC, "Impacts of climate variability and change on fishery-based livelihoods", Mar Policy, 34, pp.375~383 (2010)
- Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics, "Bangladesh population and housing census 2011" (2014), Satkhira
- Barriopedro D, "The hot summer of 2010 : redrawing the temperature record map of Europe", Science, 332, pp.220~224 (2011)
- Belton B, "Shrimp, prawn and the political economy of social wellbeing in rural Bangladesh", J Rural Stud, 45, pp.230~242 (2016)
- Belton B, "Aquaculture, employment, poverty, food security and well-being in Bangladesh" (2014)
- Bhowmik J, "Empirical evidence from Bangladesh of assessing climate hazard-related loss and damage and state of adaptive capacity to address them", Clim Risk Manag, 31, pp.100273~ (2021)
- Boyd E, "Policy brief: typologies of loss and damage and associated actions" (2016), Environmental Change Institute
- Chowdhury SR, "Coastal fishers’ livelihood in peril: sea surface temperature and tropical cyclones in Bangladesh", pp.54~ (2012), Center for Participatory Research and Development
- Clarke BJ, "Inventories of extreme weather events and impacts : Implications for loss and damage from and adaptation to climate extremes", Clim Risk Manag, 32, pp.100285~ (2021)
- Climate Change Cell, "Climate change and Bangladesh" (2007), Paribesh Bhaban
- Doelle M, "Loss and damage from climate change : from concept to remedy?", Clim Policy, 20, pp.669~680 (2020)
- DoF, "National fish week 2020 compendium(in Bangla)" (2020), Department of Fisheries, Ministry of Fisheries and Livestock
- Eckstein D, "Who suffers most from extreme weather events? Weather-related loss events in 2018 and 1999 to 2018" (2019), Germanwatch
- Fankhauser S, "Non-economic losses in the context of the UNFCCC work programme on loss and damage" (2014)
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, "The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture 2020" (2020), FAO
- Gabura Union Parishad, "Annual budget 2019–2020: formation of sustainable union and development plan (Bengali)" (2020), Shymnagar
- Haque MA, "Qualitative survey assessing impacts from cyclone Sidr and Aila on the communities of Koyra and Gabura, Bangladesh" (2013), Center for Participatory Research and Development
- Hossain MAR, "Impacts and responses to environmental change in coastal livelihoods of south-west Bangladesh", Sci Total Environ, 637-638, pp.954~970 (2018)
- Huq S, "Wright H. Confronting climate change in Bangladesh : policy strategies for adaptation and resilience" (2019), Springer International Publishing
- Islam MA, "Impacts of climate change on shrimp farming in the south-west coastal region of Bangladesh", Res Agric Livest Fish, 3, pp.227~239 (2016)
- Islam MM, "Vulnerability of fishery-based livelihoods to the impacts of climate variability and change : insights from coastal Bangladesh", Reg Environ Chang, 14, pp.281~294 (2014)
- Kais SM, "Impacts of and resilience to climate change at the bottom of the shrimp commodity chain in Bangladesh : a preliminary investigation", Aquaculture, 493, pp.406~415 (2018)
- Mallick B, "Cyclone, coastal society and migration : empirical evidence from Bangladesh", Int Dev Plan Rev, 34, pp.217~240 (2012)
- McNamara KE, "Exploring climate-driven non-economic loss and damage in the Pacific Islands", Curr Opin Environ Sustain, 50, pp.1~11 (2021)
- Mendelsohn R, "The distributional impact of climate change on rich and poor countries", Environ Dev Econ, 11, pp.159~178 (2006)
- Miles MB, "Huberman AM. Qualitative data analysis : an expanded sourcebook" (1994), SAGE
- Minar MH, "Climate change and coastal zone of Bangladesh : vulnerability, resilience and adaptability", Middle East J Sci Res, 13, pp.114~120 (2013)
- Mishra T, "Development in coastal zones and disaster management", pp.281~291 (2020), Palgrave Macmillan
- Murshed-e-Jahan K, "The impacts of aquaculture development on food security : lessons from Bangladesh", Wiley Online Lib, 41, pp.481~495 (2010)
- Murshed-e-Jahan K, "Communication strategies for managing coastal fisheries conflicts in Bangladesh", Ocean Coast Manag, 92, pp.65~73 (2014)
- Needs Assessment Working Group, "Cyclone Bulbul 2019 joint rapid assessment", ~ (2019)
- Paprocki K, "Shrimp and coastal adaptation : on the politics of climate justice", Clim Dev, 10, pp.1~3 (2018)
- Pokrant B, "Work and labour in the Bangladesh brackish-water shrimp export sector", South Asia J South Asia Stud, 26, pp.359~389 (2003)
- Powell RA, "Focus groups", Int J Qual Health Care, 8, pp.499~504 (1996)
- Rakib MA, "An investigation of coastal vulnerability and internal consistency of local perceptions under climate change risk in the southwest part of Bangladesh", J Environ Manag, 231, pp.419~428 (2019)
- "True random number generator" (2019)[URL]
- Rimi RH, "Climate change impacts on shrimp production at the south-west coastal region of Bangladesh", World Environ, 3, pp.116~125 (2013)
- Sakai Y, "Do natural disasters affect the poor disproportionately? Price change and welfare impact in the aftermath of Typhoon Milenyo in the rural Philippines", World Dev, 94, pp.16~26 (2017)
- Scheidel W, "The great leveler : violence and the history of inequality from the stone age to the twenty-first century" (2018), Princeton University Press
- Serdeczny O, "Loss and damage from climate change", pp.205~220 (2019), Springer
- Shameem MIM, "Local perceptions of and adaptation to climate variability and change : the case of shrimp farming communities in the coastal region of Bangladesh", Clim Change, 133, pp.253~266 (2015)
- Shameem MIM, "Vulnerability of rural livelihoods to multiple stressors : a case study from the southwest coastal region of Bangladesh", Ocean Coast Manag, 102, pp.79~87 (2014)
- Shamsuddoha M, "Local perspective on loss and damage in the context of extreme events: insights from cyclone-affected communities in coastal Bangladesh" (2013), Center for Participatory Research and Development
- Singh C, "Losses and damages associated with slow-onset events : urban drought and water insecurity in Asia", Curr Opin Environ Sustain, 50, pp.72~86 (2021)
- Strauss A, "Corbin J. Basics of qualitative research techniques and procedures for developing grounded theory" (1990), Sage Publications
- Swapan MSH, "A desert in the delta : participatory assessment of changing livelihoods induced by commercial shrimp farming in Southwest Bangladesh", Ocean Coast Manag, 54, pp.45~54 (2011)
- Tajrin MS, "The socio-economic impact due to cyclone Aila in the coastal zone of Bangladesh", Int J Law Humanit Soc Sci, 1, pp.60~67 (2017)
- Thomas A, "Non-economic loss and damage : lessons from displacement in the Caribbean", Clim Policy, 20, pp.715~728 (2020)
- Subsidiary body for scientific and technological advice. Report of the executive committee of the Warsaw International Mechanism for Loss and Damage Associated with Climate Change Impacts, "UNFCCC Secretariat", ~ (2014)
- "Subsidiary Body for Implementation. A literature review on the topics in the context of thematic area 2 of the work programme on loss and damage: a range of approaches to address loss and damage associated with the adverse effects of climate change" (2012)[URL]
- Warner K, "Loss and damage from climate change : local-level evidence from nine vulnerable countries", Int J Glob Warm, 5, pp.367~386 (2013)
- Warr P, "Poverty and inequality impact of a natural disaster : Myanmar’s 2008 cyclone Nargis", World Dev, 122, pp.446~461 (2019)
- Wong PP, "Climate change 2014: impacts, adaptation, and vulnerability. Part A: global and sectoral aspects. Contribution of working group ii to the fifth assessment report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change", pp.361~409 (2014), Cambridge University Press
- "Damage, loss and needs assessment guidance notes. Volume 1 design and execution of a damage, loss and needs assessment" (2010)[URL]