Tetraploid induction by electric shock in bagrid catfish Hemibagrus nemerus , Valenciennes 1840
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This study aims to evaluate the effect of time and duration of electric shock on the viability of larvae and the formation of tetraploid individuals in bagrid catfish (Hemibagrus nemerus, Valenciennes 1840). The study procedures were conducted using a completely randomized factorial design with two factors, where the first was the shock time after fertilization consisting of 5 levels (minutes 26, 27, 28, 29, and 30). The second factor was the shock duration consisting of 3 levels (6, 8, and 10 min), and the experiment was carried out 3 times. The electric shock used an electric field of 12 V/ m, and the parameters examined were the percentage of tetraploid individuals, fertilization rate, hatching rate, survival rate, and the percentage of abnormal larvae. Identification of tetraploid individuals was based on the analysis of the number of nucleoli and erythrocyte size. The results showed that electric shock affected the formation of tetraploid bagrid catfish (p < 0.05), with ploidy being examined based on the number of nucleoli and erythrocyte size obtained. In addition, tetraploid percentage ranged from 50.00% to 81.67%, and the highest (81.67 ± 2.89%) was obtained in the shock treatment at 28 min after fertilization with a duration of 10 min. The results also showed that duration of electric shock affected the hatching rate, survival rate, and larval abnormalities (p < 0.05) but the treatment did not affect fertilization rate (p > 0.05). Tetraploid bagrid catfish individuals had a maximum number of nucleoli of 4 per cell, while diploid had a maximum of 2. The cell volume and erythrocyte nucleus in tetraploid fish were larger, namely 1.97 and 2 times, respectively compared to diploid bagrid catfish. In addition, the amount of DNA in tetraploid fish is 2 times more than in diploid bagrid catfish. Therefore, an electric shock of 12 V/m applied to the embryos of bagrid catfish 28 min after fertilization for 10 min could produce higher percentage of tetraploid bagrid catfish.
Abstract
This study aims to evaluate the effect of time and duration of electric shock on the viability of larvae and the formation of tetraploid individuals in bagrid catfish (Hemibagrus nemerus, Valenciennes 1840). The study procedures were conducted using a completely randomized factorial design with two factors, where the first was the shock time after fertilization consisting of 5 levels (minutes 26, 27, 28, 29, and 30). The second factor was the shock duration consisting of 3 levels (6, 8, and 10 min), and the experiment was carried out 3 times. The electric shock used an electric field of 12 V/ m, and the parameters examined were the percentage of tetraploid individuals, fertilization rate, hatching rate, survival rate, and the percentage of abnormal larvae. Identification of tetraploid individuals was based on the analysis of the number of nucleoli and erythrocyte size. The results showed that electric shock affected the formation of tetraploid bagrid catfish (p < 0.05), with ploidy being examined based on the number of nucleoli and erythrocyte size obtained. In addition, tetraploid percentage ranged from 50.00% to 81.67%, and the highest (81.67 ± 2.89%) was obtained in the shock treatment at 28 min after fertilization with a duration of 10 min. The results also showed that duration of electric shock affected the hatching rate, survival rate, and larval abnormalities (p < 0.05) but the treatment did not affect fertilization rate (p > 0.05). Tetraploid bagrid catfish individuals had a maximum number of nucleoli of 4 per cell, while diploid had a maximum of 2. The cell volume and erythrocyte nucleus in tetraploid fish were larger, namely 1.97 and 2 times, respectively compared to diploid bagrid catfish. In addition, the amount of DNA in tetraploid fish is 2 times more than in diploid bagrid catfish. Therefore, an electric shock of 12 V/m applied to the embryos of bagrid catfish 28 min after fertilization for 10 min could produce higher percentage of tetraploid bagrid catfish.