중간관리자의 기업가정신과 기업성과 간의 관계에서 관리통제시스템의 역할
The Role of Management Control Systems between Entrepreneurship of Middle-Level Mangers and Organizational Performance
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급변하는 경영 환경 아래에서 기업의 생존과 성장을 위해 혁신과 기회추구를 핵심 개념으로 하는 기업가정신에 대한 관심이 높아지고 있다. 기업의 중간관리자는 조직 내 기업가정신의 발현에 중추적 역할을 하기에, 중간관리자의 기업가정신 발현을 위한 기업 내부 환경 조성은 기업의 최고경영자의 주요한 과제 중 하나이다. 전통적인 시각에서 관리통제시스템(Management Control System, MCS)은 창조적 파괴(Creative Destruction)로 대표되는 기업가정신과 상반된 개념으로 인식되어 왔다. MCS는 질서와 기존 절차의 효율성을 추구하는 반면, 기업가정신은 변화와 혁신의 추구에 초점이 있다. 대부분의 MCS가 지속성과 예측가능성에 기반을 두었다면, 기업가정신은 불확실성과 무질서와 관련이 있기에, 기업가정신과 MCS의 관계에 대한 연구는 많지 않다. 본 연구에서는 Simons(1995)의 MCS 모델인 Levers of Control을 이용하여 중간관리자의 기업가정신, MCS 그리고 기업성과 사이의 관계에 대해 실증분석하였다. 선행연구를 바탕으로 설문지를 작성하고, 국내 기업의 중간관리자를 대상으로 수집한 234부의 설문자료를 SPSS와 AMOS 통계프로그램을 이용하여 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째 중간관리자의 기업가정신은 기업성과에 직접적으로 유의한 관계가 없다. 둘째, 중간관리자의 기업가정신은 MCS의 하위시스템인 신념시스템과 상호작용적통제시스템에 정(+)의 영향을 미친다. 셋째, 신념시스템은 경계시스템과 상호작용적통제시스템에 정(+)의 영향을 미치고, 경계시스템은 진단적통제시스템에 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 마지막으로, MCS의 신념시스템과 상호작용적통제시스템은 중간관리자의 기업가정신과 조직성과 사이에서 매개 역할을 하는 것이 확인되었다. 이 같은 연구결과는 기업의 경영진이 중간관리자의 기업가정신 발현을 통한 기업성과 제고를 위해서 MCS의 신념시스템과 상호작용적통제시스템을 적극적으로 활용할 필요가 있음을 의미한다. 이에 더해 신념시스템, 경계시스템, 진단적통제, 상호작용적통제 간에는 유의한 관계가 있음을 확인함으로써, 기업성과 개선을 위해서는 이 네 가지 통제장치가 함께 작동해야 한다는 선행연구와 일치하는 결과를 얻었다. 이는 중간관리자의 기업가정신 발현을 통한 기업성과 제고를 계획하는 기업의 최고경영진에게 중요한 시사점을 제공한다. 기업의 혁신활동, 위험관리, 경쟁력 강화를 위해 다양한 방식의 MCS의 균형적인 이용이 필요하다.
Abstract
In the increasingly turbulent and competitive business environment, there is a growing interest in entrepreneurship, which focuses on innovation and opportunity pursuit for the survival and long-term growth of firms. The middle-level managers of a firm play pivotal roles in the implementation of corporate entrepreneurship, and the challenge of top management lies in the designing work environments that are consistent with an reinforce entrepreneurial behavior on the part of employees. In the traditional perspective, Management Control Systems(MCS) can easily be perceived as an opposing force to the concept of entrepreneurship presented by Creative Destruction. While MCS seek to create order and make existent processes more efficient and effective, there is not much research on the relationship between entrepreneurship and MCS, because entrepreneurship involves renewal and creation of innovation. This study empirically analyzes the relationship between entrepreneurship of middle-level managers, MCS and corporate performance using Simons’(1995) Levers of Control. A questionnaire was prepared based on previous studies. The survey was conducted for middle-level managers of Korean firms. 234 questionnaires were collected and analyzed using SPSS and AMOS. The results are as follows. First, the entrepreneurship of middle-level managers is not directly related to corporate performance. Second, the entrepreneurship of middle-level managers has a positive effect on the belief system and interactive control system, which are sub-systems of MCS. Third, belief system has positive effect on boundary system and interactive control system, and boundary system has positive effect on diagnostic control system. Lastly, MCS's belief system and interactive control system were found to play a role of mediator between entrepreneurship and organizational performance. These findings suggest that firm’s top management needs to actively use MCS's belief system and interactive control system to enhance corporate performance through the implementation of entrepreneurship by middle-level managers. In addition, by confirming that there is a significant relationship between belief system, boundary system, diagnostic control, and interactive control, the results are consistent with the previous study that these four control sysems must work together to improve corporate performance. This result provides important implications for top management of firms that plan to improve corporate performance by implementing entrepreneurship of middle-level managers, balanced use of MCS in ways of creating innovation, managing risk and generating competitive advantage.
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