비정규직 근로자의 잡 크래프팅과 업무열의에 관한 연구
A Study on Job Crafting and Work Engagement of Non-regular Workers
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본 연구는 비정규직 근로자들의 업무열의에 미치는 잡 크래프팅의 영향을 탐구하고, 이러한 영향이 직업정체성을 통해 매개되는 과정을 살펴본다. 비정규직 근로자들은 불안정한 근로 조건과 업무 불확실성으로 특징지어지며, 직업정체성은 이러한 환경에서 근로자의 업무 태도와 행동에 영향을 미칠 수 있는 요소로 잡 크래프팅이 비정규직 근로자들의 직업정체성 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 이해하는 것이 필요하다. 본 연구는 정규직에 비해 일에 대한 자부심과 긍정적 태도가 낮은 비정규직 근로자가 자신의 일에 대한 긍정적인 정체성 형성을 위해 어떠한 노력을 하는지를 잡 크래프팅 개념을 통해 살펴보는 데에 목적이 있다. 이에 잡 크래프팅이 업무열의에 직접적·간접적으로 영향을 미칠 것이라 예상하고 심층적인 분석을 실시하였다. 구체적으로 잡 크래프팅을 과업가공, 관계가공 그리고 인지가공으로 구분하여 각 차원의 활동이 업무열의에 미치는 직접효과를 확인하였으며, 직업정체성의 간접효과도 함께 분석하였다. 구조방정식모형 분석 결과, 과업가공, 관계가공, 그리고 인지가공은 업무열의에 유의미한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으며 직업정체성은 인지가공과 업무열의 관계에서만 부분적인 매개효과를 가지는 것을 확인하였다. 이러한 결과는 비정규직 근로자의 업무 관련 문제와 직업정체성을 이해하는 데 기여하며, 조직 관리자와 정책 결정자들에게 잡 크래프팅을 통해 직업정체성을 강화하고 업무열의를 관리하는 방안을 모색하는데 시사점을 제공한다.
Abstract
This study explores the effects of job crafting on work engagement among non-regular workers and examines the mediating role of occupational identity in this process. Unstable working conditions and job insecurity characterize non-regular workers, so understanding how job crafting affects their occupational identity in such an environment is important. Specifically, this study aims to investigate the efforts undertaken by non-regular workers, who exhibit lower job pride and positive attitudes towards their work than regular workers, in forming a positive occupational identity through job crafting. The study hypothesizes that job crafting will, directly and indirectly, affect work engagement. The concept of job crafting is divided into three dimensions: task crafting, relational crafting, and cognitive crafting. Structural equation modeling results indicate that task crafting, relational crafting, and cognitive crafting significantly affect work engagement. Moreover, it was observed that occupational identity partially mediates the relationship between cognitive crafting and work engagement. These findings contribute to understanding work-related issues and occupational identity among non-regular workers, offering insights for organizational managers on enhancing occupational identity and managing work engagement through job crafting.
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