Periodontal inflamed surface area as a novel numerical variable describing periodontal conditions
0
조회
0
다운로드
1
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
Purpose: Chronic periodontitis is an inflammatory disease induced by pathogenic bacterial accumulation. A novel index, the periodontal inflamed surface area (PISA), represents the sum of the periodontal pocket depth of bleeding on probing (BOP)-positive sites. It is advantageous for data processing and analysis because it can be treated as a continuous variable to quantify periodontal inflammation. In the present study, we evaluated correlations between PISA and periodontal classifications, and examined PISA as an index integrating the discrete conventional periodontal indexes. Methods: This study was a cross-sectional subgroup analysis of data from a prospective cohort study investigating the association between chronic periodontitis and the clinical features of ankylosing spondylitis. Data from 84 patients without systemic diseases (the control group in the previous study) were analyzed in the present study. Results: PISA values were positively correlated with conventional periodontal classifications (Spearman correlation coefficient=0.52; P<0.01) and with periodontal indexes, such as BOP and the plaque index (PI) (r=0.94; P<0.01 and r=0.60; P<0.01, respectively; Pearson correlation test). Porphyromonas gingivalis expression and the presence of serum P. gingivalis antibodies were significant factors affecting PISA values in a simple linear regression analysis, together with periodontal classification, PI, bleeding index, and smoking, but not in the multivariate analysis. In the multivariate linear regression analysis, PISA values were positively correlated with the quantity of current smoking, PI, and severity of periodontal disease.
Abstract
Purpose: Chronic periodontitis is an inflammatory disease induced by pathogenic bacterial accumulation. A novel index, the periodontal inflamed surface area (PISA), represents the sum of the periodontal pocket depth of bleeding on probing (BOP)-positive sites. It is advantageous for data processing and analysis because it can be treated as a continuous variable to quantify periodontal inflammation. In the present study, we evaluated correlations between PISA and periodontal classifications, and examined PISA as an index integrating the discrete conventional periodontal indexes. Methods: This study was a cross-sectional subgroup analysis of data from a prospective cohort study investigating the association between chronic periodontitis and the clinical features of ankylosing spondylitis. Data from 84 patients without systemic diseases (the control group in the previous study) were analyzed in the present study. Results: PISA values were positively correlated with conventional periodontal classifications (Spearman correlation coefficient=0.52; P<0.01) and with periodontal indexes, such as BOP and the plaque index (PI) (r=0.94; P<0.01 and r=0.60; P<0.01, respectively; Pearson correlation test). Porphyromonas gingivalis expression and the presence of serum P. gingivalis antibodies were significant factors affecting PISA values in a simple linear regression analysis, together with periodontal classification, PI, bleeding index, and smoking, but not in the multivariate analysis. In the multivariate linear regression analysis, PISA values were positively correlated with the quantity of current smoking, PI, and severity of periodontal disease.
참고문헌 (38)
- Consensus report, "Periodontal diseases : pathogenesis and microbial factors", Ann Periodontol, 1, pp.926~932 (1996)
- Kinane D, "Periodontal diseases and health : Consensus Report of the Sixth European Workshop on Periodontology", J Clin Periodontol, 35, pp.333~337 (2008)
- Kawada M, "Prevalence of Porphyromonas gingivalis in relation to periodontal status assessed by real-time PCR", Oral Microbiol Immunol, 19, pp.289~292 (2004)
- Socransky SS, "Periodontal microbial ecology", Periodontol 2000, 38, pp.135~187 (2005)
- Slots J., "Casual or causal relationship between periodontal infection and non-oral disease?", J Dent Res, 77, pp.1764~1765 (1998)
- Haffajee AD, "Clinical risk indicators for periodontal attachment loss", J Clin Periodontol, 18, pp.117~125 (1991)
- Brown LF, "Incidence of attachment loss in community-dwelling older adults", J Periodontol, 65, pp.316~323 (1994)
- Hajishengallis G, "Low-abundance biofilm species orchestrates inflammatory periodontal disease through the commensal microbiota and complement", Cell Host Microbe, 10, pp.497~506 (2011)
- "American Academy of Periodontology Task Force report on the update to the 1999 classification of periodontal diseases and conditions", J Periodontol, 86, pp.835~838 (2015)
- Armitage GC, "Development of a classification system for periodontal diseases and conditions", Ann Periodontol, 4, pp.1~6 (1999)
- Page RC, "Case definitions for use in population-based surveillance of periodontitis", J Periodontol, 78, pp.1387~1399 (2007)
- Gilbert GH, "Predicting tooth loss during a population-based study : role of attachment level in the presence of other dental conditions", J Periodontol, 73, pp.1427~1436 (2002)
- McGuire MK, "Prognosis versus actual outcome. II. The effectiveness of clinical parameters in developing an accurate prognosis", J Periodontol, 67, pp.658~665 (1996)
- Nesse W, "Periodontal inflamed surface area : quantifying inflammatory burden", J Clin Periodontol, 35, pp.668~673 (2008)
- Greenstein G, "Histologic characteristics associated with bleeding after probing and visual signs of inflammation", J Periodontol, 52, pp.420~425 (1981)
- Lang NP, "Bleeding on probing. A predictor for the progression of periodontal disease?", J Clin Periodontol, 13, pp.590~596 (1986)
- Kang EH, "Chronic periodontitis is associated with spinal dysmobility in patients with ankylosing spondylitis", J Periodontol, 86, pp.1303~1313 (2015)
- O'Leary TJ, "The plaque control record", J Periodontol, 43, pp.38~ (1972)
- Ainamo J, "Problems and proposals for recording gingivitis and plaque", Int Dent J, 25, pp.229~235 (1975)
- Atieh MA, "Accuracy of real-time polymerase chain reaction versus anaerobic culture in detection of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and Porphyromonas gingivalis : a meta-analysis", J Periodontol, 79, pp.1620~1629 (2008)
- Golub LM, "Gingival crevicular fluid : a new diagnostic aid in managing the periodontal patient", Oral Sci Rev, pp.49~61 (1976)
- 박순낭, "Development of Porphyromonas gingivalis-Specific Quantitative Real-Time PCR Primers Based on the Nucleotide Sequence of rpoB", The Journal of Microbiology, 49(2), pp.315~319 (2011), 한국미생물학회
- Good PI, "Common errors in statistics (and how to avoid them)" (2009), Wiley
- Dietrich T, "The epidemiological evidence behind the association between periodontitis and incident atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease", J Clin Periodontol, 40(Suppl 14), pp.S70~S84 (2013)
- Nesse W, "Dose-response relationship between periodontal inflamed surface area and HbA1c in type 2 diabetics", J Clin Periodontol, 36, pp.295~300 (2009)
- Iwasaki M, "Periodontal disease and decreased kidney function in Japanese elderly", Am J Kidney Dis, 59, pp.202~209 (2012)
- Radwan-Oczko M, "Porphyromonas gingivalis in periodontal pockets and heart valves", Virulence, 5, pp.575~580 (2014)
- Belibasakis G, "Porphyromonas gingivalis : a heartful oral pathogen?", Virulence, 5, pp.463~464 (2014)
- Rosenstein ED, "Hypothesis : the humoral immune response to oral bacteria provides a stimulus for the development of rheumatoid arthritis", Inflammation, 28, pp.311~318 (2004)
- Mikuls TR, "Periodontitis and Porphyromonas gingivalis in patients with rheumatoid arthritis", Arthritis Rheumatol, 66, pp.1090~1100 (2014)
- Hitchon CA, "Antibodies to Porphyromonas gingivalis are associated with anticitrullinated protein antibodies in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and their relatives", J Rheumatol, 37, pp.1105~1112 (2010)
- Lappin DF, "Influence of periodontal disease, Porphyromonas gingivalis and cigarette smoking on systemic anti-citrullinated peptide antibody titres", J Clin Periodontol, 40, pp.907~915 (2013)
- Casarin RC, "Levels of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, inflammatory cytokines and species-specific immunoglobulin G in generalized aggressive and chronic periodontitis", J Periodontal Res, 45, pp.635~642 (2010)
- Mooney J, "Initial serum antibody titer to Porphyromonas gingivalis influences development of antibody avidity and success of therapy for chronic periodontitis", Infect Immun, 63, pp.3411~3416 (1995)
- Wilton JM, "Elevated opsonic activity for Porphyromonas (Bacteroides) gingivalis in serum from patients with a history of destructive periodontal disease. A case: control study", J Clin Periodontol, 20, pp.563~569 (1993)
- Fransson C, "The effect of age on the development of gingivitis. Clinical, microbiological and histological findings", J Clin Periodontol, 23, pp.379~385 (1996)
- Kinane DF, "Smoking and periodontal disease", Crit Rev Oral Biol Med, 11, pp.356~365 (2000)
- Müller HP, "Longitudinal association between plaque and gingival bleeding in smokers and non-smokers", J Clin Periodontol, 29, pp.287~294 (2002)