Omega 3 fatty acids as a host modulator in chronic periodontitis patients: a randomised, double-blind, palcebo-controlled, clinical trial
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Purpose: Periodontitis is an infectious disease caused predominantly by gram-negative anerobes. The host inflammatory response to these bacteria causes alveolar bone loss that ischaracterized as periodontitis. Omega-3 fatty acids (ω-3 FAs) have anti-inflammatory properties,thus have been used to treat some chronic inflammatory diseases such as cardiovasculardisease and rheumatoid arthritis. We aimed to evaluate the effect of dietary supplementationwith ω-3 FAs as a host modulating agent in patients with chronic periodontitis. Methods: Sixty otherwise healthy subjects with moderate and severe chronic periodontitiswere enrolled in our randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. The control group(CG, n=30) was treated with scaling and root planing (SRP) and given a placebo; thetreatment group (TG, n=30) was treated with SRP and dietary supplementation of ω-3FAs (one 300 mg tablet daily for 12 weeks). Periodontal clinical parameters and serum Creactiveprotein (CRP) levels were evaluated in all patients at baseline, a 6-week and 12-week period after treatment. Results: A significant reduction in the gingival index, sulcus bleeding index, pocket depth,and clinical attachment level was found in the TG compared to the CG at a 12-week period. However, no statistically significant changes in serum CRP levels were found. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that ω-3 FAs can successfully reduce gingival inflammation,pocket depth, and attachment level gain. Dietary supplementation with ω-3 FAsmay have potential benefits as a host modulatory agent in the prevention and/or adjunctivemanagement of chronic periodontitis.
Abstract
Purpose: Periodontitis is an infectious disease caused predominantly by gram-negative anerobes. The host inflammatory response to these bacteria causes alveolar bone loss that ischaracterized as periodontitis. Omega-3 fatty acids (ω-3 FAs) have anti-inflammatory properties,thus have been used to treat some chronic inflammatory diseases such as cardiovasculardisease and rheumatoid arthritis. We aimed to evaluate the effect of dietary supplementationwith ω-3 FAs as a host modulating agent in patients with chronic periodontitis. Methods: Sixty otherwise healthy subjects with moderate and severe chronic periodontitiswere enrolled in our randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. The control group(CG, n=30) was treated with scaling and root planing (SRP) and given a placebo; thetreatment group (TG, n=30) was treated with SRP and dietary supplementation of ω-3FAs (one 300 mg tablet daily for 12 weeks). Periodontal clinical parameters and serum Creactiveprotein (CRP) levels were evaluated in all patients at baseline, a 6-week and 12-week period after treatment. Results: A significant reduction in the gingival index, sulcus bleeding index, pocket depth,and clinical attachment level was found in the TG compared to the CG at a 12-week period. However, no statistically significant changes in serum CRP levels were found. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that ω-3 FAs can successfully reduce gingival inflammation,pocket depth, and attachment level gain. Dietary supplementation with ω-3 FAsmay have potential benefits as a host modulatory agent in the prevention and/or adjunctivemanagement of chronic periodontitis.
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