Validation of the Korean version of defense and veterans pain rating scale for assessment of postoperative pain: a prospective observational cohort study
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Background: The defense and veterans pain rating scale (DVPRS) is a pain assessment tool combining a numericalrating scale (NRS) with descriptive words, colors, and facial expressions. This study aimed to validate the Koreanversion of the DVPRS (K-DVPRS) for postoperative pain assessment. Methods: This study included patients who underwent elective laparoscopic or robotic abdominal surgery. Theoriginal DVPRS was translated into Korean using a forward-backward method. Pain intensities at rest and duringcoughing were assessed at 24 and 48 hours postoperatively using the NRS and K-DVPRS, respectively. The EuroQol5-Dimension 5-Level (EQ-5D-5L) questionnaire was also used. The validity, reliability, and responsiveness of theK-DVPRS were evaluated. Results: Of the 174 patients screened, 150 were enrolled, and 148 completed the study. The K-DVPRS had strongconvergent validity with the NRS at 24 and 48 hours postoperatively (ρ: 0.75 to 0.78, all P < 0.001). Constructvalidity was confirmed by significant differences in pain scores based on surgical extent and duration. The internalconsistency was acceptable (Cronbach’s alpha: 0.77 and 0.85 at 24 and 48 hours, respectively), and test-retestreliability at 24 hours was excellent (intraclass correlation coefficient: 0.90 at rest and 0.95 during coughing). Responsiveness, measured by Cliff’s effect size, was high from preoperative to 24 hours postoperatively andmoderate from 24 to 48 hours. At 48 hours, the K-DVPRS had stronger correlations with the EQ-5D-5L index and EQVASthan with the NRS. Conclusions: The K-DVPRS is a valid, reliable, and responsive tool for assessing postoperative pain in Koreanpatients.
Abstract
Background: The defense and veterans pain rating scale (DVPRS) is a pain assessment tool combining a numericalrating scale (NRS) with descriptive words, colors, and facial expressions. This study aimed to validate the Koreanversion of the DVPRS (K-DVPRS) for postoperative pain assessment. Methods: This study included patients who underwent elective laparoscopic or robotic abdominal surgery. Theoriginal DVPRS was translated into Korean using a forward-backward method. Pain intensities at rest and duringcoughing were assessed at 24 and 48 hours postoperatively using the NRS and K-DVPRS, respectively. The EuroQol5-Dimension 5-Level (EQ-5D-5L) questionnaire was also used. The validity, reliability, and responsiveness of theK-DVPRS were evaluated. Results: Of the 174 patients screened, 150 were enrolled, and 148 completed the study. The K-DVPRS had strongconvergent validity with the NRS at 24 and 48 hours postoperatively (ρ: 0.75 to 0.78, all P < 0.001). Constructvalidity was confirmed by significant differences in pain scores based on surgical extent and duration. The internalconsistency was acceptable (Cronbach’s alpha: 0.77 and 0.85 at 24 and 48 hours, respectively), and test-retestreliability at 24 hours was excellent (intraclass correlation coefficient: 0.90 at rest and 0.95 during coughing). Responsiveness, measured by Cliff’s effect size, was high from preoperative to 24 hours postoperatively andmoderate from 24 to 48 hours. At 48 hours, the K-DVPRS had stronger correlations with the EQ-5D-5L index and EQVASthan with the NRS. Conclusions: The K-DVPRS is a valid, reliable, and responsive tool for assessing postoperative pain in Koreanpatients.