압박 고 나사 금속판을 이용한 대퇴골 전자간 골절 치료에서 고정실패에 미치는 영향요소
Factors affecting Fixation Failure in Treatment of IntertrochantericFracture of the Femur by Dynamic Compression Hip Screw
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목적: 고정실패가 발생한 고령의 전자간 골절 환자에서 실패요인을 분석하고자 한다. 대상 및 방법: 1999년 3월부터 2005년 2월까지 활강 압박 고 나사를 이용하여 수술한 228예의 대퇴 전자간 골절환자 중 1년 이상 추시가 가능하였던 164예에서 고정실패가 발생한 14예(1군)와 고정실패가 발생하지 않은 150예(2군)를 대상으로 골절 형태, 정복방법, 고정방법, tip-apex간 거리, 지연나사의 골두내 위치 및 대전자부 외벽 골절의 유무가 고정실패에 미치는 영향 을 후향적으로 분석하였다. 환자의 평균 나이는 제 1군이 76.1세(63-92)였고 제 2군은 75.0세(63-93)였다. 결과: 고정실패의 형태는 불유합이 6예, 내반 및 지연나사의 골두 천공이 5예, 내반 및 지연나사의 과도한 활강이 2예 및 금속 판의 해리가 1예였다. 불안정성 골절, tip-apex간 거리, 지연나사의 골두내 비동심성, 특히 후방 위치 및 대전자부 외벽의 골절 은 전자간 골절의 술 후 고정실패에 밀접한 상관관계를 나타내었으며(P<0.05), 골두내 골시멘트 고정과 지연나사의 골두내 동 심성 위치는 지연나사의 골두 천공 발생을 현저히 감소시켰다. 그러나 정복방법의 차이와 해면골 금속나사 또는 대전자부 고정 금속판의 부가고정은 고정실패와의 상관성이 없었다. 결론: 불안정성 전자간 골절의 치료시 대전자부 외벽의 견고한 지지대 역할은 필수적이며, 골두내 지연나사의 견고한 고정을 위 한 동심성 위치, tip-apex간 거리의 최소화 및 골시멘트의 사용은 지연나사의 골두 천공을 예방할 수 있는 효과적인 방법으로 사료된다.
Abstract
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze the factors affecting fixation failures of intertrochanteric fractures of the femur treated by dynamic compression hip screw in elderly patients. Materials and Methods: Between March 1999 and February 2005, we evaluated 164 cases of intertrochanteric fractures of the femur treated by dynamic compression hip screw. The failure group (group 1) contained 14 cases, and the control group (group 2) contained 150 cases. We compared the fracture pattern, type of reduction, method of fixation, tip-apex distance, location of screw within head, and presence of lateral trochanteric wall fracture between the two groups. The average patient age was 76.1 years (range 63-92) in group 1 and 75.0 years (range 63-93) in group 2. Results: The mode of fixation failure in group 1 included 6 cases of nonunion, 5 cases of varus and cutting-out, 2 cases of excessive sliding of lag screw, and 1 case of plate debonding. There was a significant relationship between the fracture pattern, tip-apex distance, position of lag screw (especially the posterior location), and presence of lateral wall fracture when compared against postoperative fixation failure (P < 0.05). The use of bone cement augmentation and the central location of lag screw within the head correlated with the avoidance of cutting-out of lag screw through the head. However, there was no relationship between the type of reduction, the use of additional fixation with a screw, or greater trochanter stabilizing plate when compared against fixation failure. Conclusion: The structural integrity of lateral wall support is thought to be an essential factor in successful treatment of unstable intertrochanteric fractures of the femur. Furthermore, methods such as concentric screw placement in the head, minimal tip-apex distance, and cement augmentation may be useful for preventing cutting-out through obtaining secure purchase of the lag screw in the head.
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