90세 이상 고령의 고관절부 골절 환자에서 시행한 양극성 반치환술 - 사망률에 영향을 준 요인들 -
Bipolar Hemiarthroplasty for Hip Fractures in Patients Aged over 90 Years - The Factors Influencing the Postoperative Mortality -
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목적: 90세 이상 고령의 고관절부 골절 환자에서 인공 고관절 반치환술 시행 후 1년 내 사망률과관련된 인자들을 분석해 보고자 한다. 대상 및 방법: 1999년 4월부터 2008년 4월까지 90세 이상 노인 환자 중 고관절부 골절로 인공고관절 반치환술을 시행받았던 41명, 42예를 대상으로 하였으며, 평균 연령은 94세(90~101세)였다. 술 후 1년 내 사망률을 알아보았으며, 1년 내 사망군과 1년 이상 생존군을 비교 분석하여연령, 성별, 골절 형태, 수술의 지연, 동반 질환 수, 골밀도, ASA 등급, 수술 시간, 입원 기간, 중환자실 치료 기간, 수혈량, 마취 방법, 술 후 보행 상태와 술 후 1년 내 사망과의 관계의 유의성을확인하였다. 결과: 90세 이상 고령의 고관절부 골절에서 인공 고관절 반치환술 후 1년 내 사망률은 32%였으며, ASA 등급, 수술의 지연, 중환자실 치료 기간 및 술 후 보행 상태가 1년 내 사망에 의미있는영향을 미쳤다. 전자간 골절군에서 경부 골절군에 비해 1년 내 사망률이 유의하게 높았다. 성별,골밀도, 수술 시간, 동반 질환 수, 수혈량, 재원 기간 등은 술 후 1년 내 사망에 유의한 관계가 없었다. 결론: 90세 이상 고령의 고관절부 골절 환자를 양극성 반치환술로 치료할 경우 술 전 내과적 동반질환이 많을수록 단기간 내 사망률은 유의하게 높았다. 수술의 지연, 중환자실 치료 기간, 술 후보행 상태 역시 1년 내 사망률과 관련이 있어 이 모두를 술 후 예후 인자로 판단해야 할 것이다.
Abstract
Purpose: We wanted to evaluate the factors that influence the one-year mortality rate after bipolar hemiarthroplasty in elderly patients over 90 years of age and who had hip fractures. Materials and Methods: In this retrospective study, we enrolled 42 cases (29 females and 12 males) that were treated by bipolar hemiarthroplasty for hip fractures between April 1999 and April 2008. The mean age was 94(range: 90~101) years. We compared such variables as age, gender, BMD (bone mineral density), the ASA (American Society of Anesthesiologists) score, the type of fracture, the operation time, the type of anesthesia, the length of the ICU (intensive care unit) care, the length of hospitalization, operative delay and the postoperative ambulatory capability between the one-year mortality group and the control group (alive over a minimum of 1-year),and we investigated the risk factors related to one-year mortality. Results: The one-year mortality rate was 32%. There were significant relationships between the postoperative oneyear mortality and the ASA score, the length of the ICU care, operative delay and the postoperative ambulatory capability. The one-year mortality rate in the trochanteric fracture group was significantly higher than that in the neck fracture group. However, there were no relationships between the one-year mortality and age, gender, BMD, the length of operation, the type of anesthesia and the length of the hospitalization. Conclusion: The preoperative ASA score was significantly higher in the one-year mortality group among the elderly patients over 90 years of age and who were treated with bipolar hemiarthroplasty for hip fractures. The length of the ICU care, operative delay and the postoperative ambulatory capability were significantly associated with one-year mortality, and so all of these should be considered as postoperative prognostic factors.
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