정조의 의학관

Abstract

King Jungjo who introduced the advent of cultural renaissance of Chosun Dynasty as little been known about his work in medicine. With a wide knowledge in medicine, he was the only one among the kings who wrote a book on medicine, called 『SueMinMyoJeon』. In this paper, his perspective on medicine will be looked into based on 『The Annals of the Chosun Dynasty(朝鮮王朝實錄)』, 『Seungjeongwon Ilgi(承政院日記)』, 『Hong Je jun Se(弘齋全書)』, 『KukGoBoGam (國朝寶鑑)』, 『Ildkrok(日得錄)』, 『JeJungShinPyun(濟衆新編)』, 『SueMinMyoJeon(壽民妙詮)』 etc. King Jungo valued empiricism in the field of medicine. He deepened understandings in medicine while taking care of King Youngjo, the late king. And it led him to author 『SueMinMyoJeon』 himself, and further ordered the publications of 『JeJungShinPyun』 『MaGuaHeoiTong』. These two books were conducted to include empirical cases of folklore remedy. King Jungjo's medical philosophy can be epitomized in filial piety and realization of people-serving politics, which are the essentials of Confucianism. His filial piety towards the late king, Youngjo and his mother is shown in his devotion when taking care of them. Especially the way he examined the differentiation of diseases and corresponding treatments is well described in 『The Annals of the Chosun Dynasty』. 『JeJungShinPyun』 was also published and it came handy for folk villagers in times of medical needs. Later this book influenced 『BangYakHaepPyun』 by Hwang Do Yeon. King Jungjo emphasized pragmatism in spreading medical knowledges, thus removing the theoretical contents that are related to Taoism, especially the ones on alchemy from 『DongEuiBoGam』, when publishing 『SueMinMyoJeon』. Even the excerpts from 『SoMun』 were taken out, if not practical. King Jungjo, however, discussed the importance of healthy regimen and mentioned himself practicing it from the book 『IlDeukLok』, which seems to be the only book that derailed from the pragmatistic track. King Jungjo put emphasis on consistency between diagnosis and treatment. In diagnosing, Meridian pulse was taken important as a means of finding the origin of disease, while deploring how doctors then neglected to study.