보구녀관의 명칭과 표기에 관한 재고찰
A Study on the Name of the “Po Goo Nyo Goan” and its Marking
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This study aims to correct the chinese characters of 普救女館(Po Goo Nyo Goan) and its Korean pronunciation by re-examining the circumstances around the establishment of this hospital, and to discover its naming principle which is associated with the Confucian political concept of the Joseon Dynasty. Although 普救女館 is the first modern women’s hospital in Korea, most historical study of this institute been conducted on a very limited documents and records. Many published studies still use the incorrect names in diverse way, so the correct name of the hospital is still in confusion. 普救女館, however, was named with four or five of Chinese characters given by the Joseon government(King Gojong(高宗)) at the time of its establishment. The Joseon government gave the name of Seonnyeoboguwon(善女普救院) to the first modern women’s hospital established by Mary Scranton, the name of which was changed to 普救女館. Some records left by the female missionary doctors who worked in 普救女館 showed the Romanization and meaning of the name of the hospital. Romanization of 普救女館 clarified Korean pronunciation of “女(nyeo)” at that time. English translation name of the hospital has always showed that the place to provide “extensive” medical treatment to women. It proves the fact that the first chinese character of the name is “普”, not “保” which is expressed in many documents today. The hospital was named according to the Confucian ideal just like the other modern hospitals established around the same time, such as Jejungwon(濟衆院), Gwangjewon(廣濟院), Gwanghyeyeowon(廣惠女院). The Joseon government commonly used similar Chinese characters during the naming of these hospitals, which implies the ideal of the good Confucian king’s favor for many people of Joseon. 普救女館 was unique in having the character “館(gwan)” in its name, not “院(won)” as in other hospitals. It seems to stem from the characteristic of “women’s hospital.” Po Gu Nyo Goan, the unprecedented women’s hospital, was probably imagined as a hospitable accommodation where women provided kindness to people in need. It might be the reason why “館”, which has the meaning of accommodation, was chosen instead of “院” that primarily meant medical facilities. Correcting the name of 普救女館 would be helpful to eliminate the confusion in current historiography and to promote the understanding of the historical significance of this hospital.
Abstract
This study aims to correct the chinese characters of 普救女館(Po Goo Nyo Goan) and its Korean pronunciation by re-examining the circumstances around the establishment of this hospital, and to discover its naming principle which is associated with the Confucian political concept of the Joseon Dynasty. Although 普救女館 is the first modern women’s hospital in Korea, most historical study of this institute been conducted on a very limited documents and records. Many published studies still use the incorrect names in diverse way, so the correct name of the hospital is still in confusion. 普救女館, however, was named with four or five of Chinese characters given by the Joseon government(King Gojong(高宗)) at the time of its establishment. The Joseon government gave the name of Seonnyeoboguwon(善女普救院) to the first modern women’s hospital established by Mary Scranton, the name of which was changed to 普救女館. Some records left by the female missionary doctors who worked in 普救女館 showed the Romanization and meaning of the name of the hospital. Romanization of 普救女館 clarified Korean pronunciation of “女(nyeo)” at that time. English translation name of the hospital has always showed that the place to provide “extensive” medical treatment to women. It proves the fact that the first chinese character of the name is “普”, not “保” which is expressed in many documents today. The hospital was named according to the Confucian ideal just like the other modern hospitals established around the same time, such as Jejungwon(濟衆院), Gwangjewon(廣濟院), Gwanghyeyeowon(廣惠女院). The Joseon government commonly used similar Chinese characters during the naming of these hospitals, which implies the ideal of the good Confucian king’s favor for many people of Joseon. 普救女館 was unique in having the character “館(gwan)” in its name, not “院(won)” as in other hospitals. It seems to stem from the characteristic of “women’s hospital.” Po Gu Nyo Goan, the unprecedented women’s hospital, was probably imagined as a hospitable accommodation where women provided kindness to people in need. It might be the reason why “館”, which has the meaning of accommodation, was chosen instead of “院” that primarily meant medical facilities. Correcting the name of 普救女館 would be helpful to eliminate the confusion in current historiography and to promote the understanding of the historical significance of this hospital.
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