일제 시대 ‘의생(醫生)’ 김광진의 황달 투병기 - 김광진의 『치안』, 『치달일기』 분석 -

Abstract

This study aims to examine how the traditional medicine doctors (醫生) of the Japanese colonial period in Korea treated patients and their own diseases with the tradional medicine (漢方) and the Western medicine (洋方) by analyzing Clinical Cases (治案) and Diary of Jaundice Treatment (治疸日記) of Gwangjin Kim (金光鎭, 1885-1940). Through this, it aims to reveal that the Japanese colonial period was the time when the traditional medicine and the Western medicine coexisted, and that this period cannot be defined with a simple dualism of ‘Western medicine, Japanese colonial government vs. traditional medicine, governed public’. The main means of medical treatment by Gwangjin Kim was traditional medicine. The over 60 treatment cases written in Clinical Cases illustrate well that he was a typical doctor who used traditional medical knowledge. Furthermore, Gwangjin Kim wrote Diary of Jaundice Treatment from January 1939 to July 1940, a month before his death. The disease that led to his death was jaundice. He examined the changes in the abdomen every day, and recorded the changes in edema in upper extremities and testicles, urine and feces. While the treatment tool that Kim used in the early stages of jaundice were herbal medicines, he was not confined to the boundaries of the traditional medicine as he studied the Western medicine to obtain a license of traditional medicine doctor from Japanese colonial government. He took a urine test to confirm whether his illness was jaundice or kidney disease, and had X-ray imaging to check for pleurisy at a Western medical hospital in Daegu. In addition, he received a procedure to artificially drain bile, took a medicine to excrete bile into the feces, and had injection to treat neuralgia. Mostly, it was diarrhea that bothered Gwangjin Kim, who had been suffering from jaundice. Preventing diarrhea led to edema, and removing edema led to diarrhea again. He managed his symptoms by quitting the herbal medicines and having raw food diet. Around this time, Kim relied the most on Ejisan (エヂ散). Ejisan was a type of new medicine mixed with the traditional medicine and the Western medicine that had the effect of treating edema and digestive disorders. Gwangjin Kim personally manufactured and took the drug until a month before his death, praising it as a necessary drug to treat jaundice. Gwangjin Kim was a traditional medical doctor during the Japanese colonial period. He also had the conventional wisdom that the Western medicine was excellent in treating surgical diseases but not effective in internal medicine. However, he used both tradional medicine and Western medicine to treat symptoms of jaundice that have not been treated well, and created a new medicine called Ejisan, which combined the two medicine. For him, the Western medicine was a new medicine that corrected the wrong part of the traditional medicine or the old medicine, but there was still a realm of the traditional medicine that the Western medicine could not intervene. Furthermore, he published a new theory of the traditional medicine called the Principle of Up and Down (升降論), which incorporates some Western medical knowledge. The Japanese colonial government required traditional medicine doctors to study Western medicine, and the traditional medicine doctors had to learn Western medicine to survive. In the meantime, traditional medicine doctors such as Gwangjin Kim have brought about new changes by compromising the two medical treatments in the clinical field. The Japanese colonial government planned the demise of the traditional medicine by forcing traditional medicine doctors to study the Western medicine, but the unexpected achievement brought about by the traditional medicine doctors, who survived longer than the Japanese Empire and the colonial government, was an attempt to integrate the Eastern and the Western medicine.