국내 지역사회 3차 병원에서 최근 2년간 경험한 지역사회 균혈증의 원인과 예후에 관한 분석
Analysis on the Etiology and Prognostic Factors of Community-AcquiredBacteremia in a Community-Based Tertiary Hospital
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목 적 : 국내 지역사회 균혈증의 미생물학적, 임상적 특성을 파악하고, 예후와 관련된 인자를 분석하고자 하였다. 재료 및 방법 : 2002년 6월부터 2004년 5월까지 2년 동안 지역사회에 기반을 둔 국내 일개 대학병원에 방문한 지역사회 균혈증 환자를 후향적으로 분석하였다.결 과 : 연구기간 동안 지역사회 균혈증 환자는 223명이었고, 입원환자 1,000명당 지역사회 균혈증 환자는 5.3명이었다. 균혈증은 E. coli, K. pneumoniae, S. aureus, S. pneumoniae의 순서로 흔히 관찰되었으며, 원인 감염질환은 요로 감염, 복강내 감염, 원발성 균혈증, 피부연조직 감염증 의 순서였다. 대상 환자 중 17%가 균혈증으로 인하여 사망하였는데, 단변량 분석에서 남자환자, 그람양성 균혈증, S. aureus와 other streptococci 균혈증, 연부조직/호흡기/중추신경계 감염증에 의한 균혈증과 원발성 균혈증, APACHE II score의 증가, 패혈증 단계의 증가, 4,000/ L 이하 또는 20,000/ L 이상의 백혈구 수치, 내원 3일 이후의 확진, 내원 24시간 내의 부적절한 항생제 치료, 응급실을 통한 입원, 중환자실에의 입원이 유의한 사망률의 증가와 관련되어 있었다. 사망에의 독립적인 예측인자는 남자환자, 높은 APACHE II score, 중환자실 입원이었다. 원발성 균혈증에서는 S. aureus와 K. pneumoniae가 가장 많았는데 각각 50%와 28.6%의 치사율을 보여 예후가 불량하였다. 결 론:지역사회 균혈증은 환자의 자발적인 병원 방문에 의한 패혈증의 초기 단계에 적극적으로 개입을 하기 어려우므로, 지역사회 균혈증의 임상적, 미생물학적 특징을 참고로 신속한 진단적 접근 및 내원 24시간 내의 적절한 항생제의 투여가 예후에 중요하다.
Abstract
Background : We conducted this study to describe the epidemiology of community-acquired bacteremia and identify its prognostic factors. Materials and Methods : All patients admitted to a community-based tertiary hospital with community-acquired bacteremia from June 2002 to May 2004 were included and analyzed retrospectively. Results : During the study period, clinically significant community-acquired bacteremia occurred in 223 patients with the frequency of 5.3 patients per 1,000 patient-admission. The commonly isolated organisms were E. coli (47.1%), K. pneumoniae (13.0%), S. aureus (8.1%), and S. pneumoniae (4.5 %). The leading source of bacteremia were urinary tract infection (34.5%), intraabdominal infection (33.6%), primary bacteremia (10.3%), and skin & soft tissue infection (8.1%). The overall mortality was 17%. S. aureus (34.8%) and K. pneumoniae (30.4%) were two major organisms of primary bacteremia with high case fatality of 50% and 28.6%, respectively. Univariate analysis showed that the followings were associated with significant increase in mortality: male patient; S. aureus and other streptococci bacteremia; increasing APACHE II score; definite diagnosis after 3 days of admission; inappropriate antibiotics therapy within 24 hours of admission; emergency room; admission to ICU. The independent predictors of mortality were male patient (RR 3.02, P=0.031), increasing APACHE II score (RR 1.12, P=0.011), and admission to ICU (RR 9.73, P<0.001). Conclusion : Rapid definite diagnosis and prompt administration of appropriate antibiotics according to the local epidemiologic pattern are the most important controllable factors for the better outcome.
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