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과학적 모델과 모델링에 대한 중등 과학 교사의 인식 탐색

An Investigation into the Secondary Science Teachers’ Perception on Scientific Models and Modeling

김찬종|최승언|조은진
한국과학교육학회 (The Korean Association for Science Education)|2017.10|한국과학교육학회지 (Journal of the Korean Association for Science Education)|제37권 제5호|pp. 859-877|DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.14697/jkase.2017.37.5.859

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인식perceptionsecondary science teacher중등 과학 교사모델과 모델링models & modeling
주제분류교육학

초록

과학 교육의 궁극적 목표인 학생들의 과학적 소양을 배양하는데 있어 이하 모델과 모델링이 차지하는 핵심적 역할을 고려할 때, 중등 과학 교사의 모델과 모델링에 대한 인식을 조사하는 것은 모델 기반 교수⋅학습을 실제 과학 수업에 적용하기 위한 토대를 마련하기 위해 필수적이라고 할 수 있다. 모델 기반 교수⋅학습이란 학생들이 자신의 모델을 생성(generating), 평가(evaluating), 수정(modifying)하는 모델링을 통해 과학적 내용 지식을 학습하고 나아가, 과학의 본성에 대한 바람직한 이해를 구축하도록 모델과 모델링 과정에 대하여 학습 하는 것을 의미하며, 그러한 모델링 수업의 안내자로서 과학 교사는 모델과 모델링에 대하여 튼튼한 이해를 소유하여야 한다. 이에 본 연구자는 현재 학교 현장에서 과학 교과를 가르치는 50명의 중등 과학 교사를 대상으로, 10개의 개방형 문항을 사용하여 다음과 같은 두 가지 범주의 모델과 모델링에 대한 여러 측면의 인식, 첫째, 모델과 모델링에 대한 여러 측면의 이해, 즉 정의, 예시, 목적, 다양성, 변화성, 설계와 구성, 평가 기준, 둘째, 교수도구로서의 모델과 모델링 활용의 중요성과 교수 의사를 조사하였다. 수집된 자료에 대한 질적 분석을 통하여 다음과 같은 결론에 도달 하였다. 첫째, 대부분의 과학 교사들은 모델이 갖는 교수도구로서의 기능적 측면에 집중하여, ‘실제의 단순화된 표상’이라는 모델 개념을 소유하지만, 과학 내용 전달 측면의 효용에만 집중하기 때문에, 과학에 있어서 모델과 모델링의 역할을 파악하지 못 하고 있다. 둘째, 대부 분의 과학 교사들은 하나의 자연 현상을 표상하기 위해 다양한 모델이 구성될 수 있다는 사실과, 그러한 모델의 변화 가능성에 대하여 비교적 잘 인식하고 있으나, 모델의 설계와 구성이나 평가 기준 측면의 이해는 수정을 필요로 하는 제한적 수준에 머물러 있다. 셋째, 많은 교사들이 모델과 모델링에 대하여 가르치는 것의 중요성을 인식하지 만, 여러 교육 과정 상의 현실적 어려움과, 교사의 지식 부족을 토로하여 모델과 모델링의 실제 현장 적용에 대해 부정적 시각을 견지하는 교사들이 상당하였다. 넷째, 물리, 화학, 지구과학 전공 교사들에 비하 여, 생물 전공 교사들은 전공 또는 과목 의존적 이해의 양상, 즉 생물 교과에 자주 등장하는 기능적, 실물 모델에 국한된 모델 개념을 소유 하였고, 그러한 관점은 교수도구로서 모델과 모델링을 활용하는 것에 대한 부정적 견해로 나타나, 모델에 대한 지식과 신념 사이의 상호관 련성이 일견 탐지되었다. 본 연구에서 중등 과학 교사들이 모델과 모델링에 대하여 무엇을 알고, 어떻게 가르치는가에 대한 기존의 인식을 탐색하여 분석한 결과는 과학 교사의 모델과 모델링에 대한 이해의 제고를 위한 적극적인 개입에 대하여 큰 시사점을 갖는다.

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to probe secondary science teachers’ perception on scientific models and modeling. A total of 50 experienced science teachers were surveyed with 10 open-ended questions about several aspects of models and modeling: definition, examples, purpose, multiplicity, changeability, design/construction, evaluation and beliefs in the use of models and modeling as a teaching tool. The analysis of the data shows the following results: 1) understanding of models and modeling held by a majority of experienced secondary science teachers was far from that of experts as they concentrated on a model’s superficial, representative, and visual functions, 2) when it comes to their view toward the use of a model, a model does not remain in the stage of ‘doing science’ but in the stage of being a subsidiary teaching tool for the teacher’s explaining and the students’ understanding of scientific concepts, 3) the subjects they majored in made meaningful differences in their contextual understanding of models and modeling, 4) though most of the teachers acknowledged the importance of teaching about models and modeling, even a lot of them showed a negative position toward the opinion that they are willing to apply modeling to their classes. Implications of the results were discussed in terms of intervention in order to enhance secondary science teachers’ understanding and pedagogical content knowledge of models and modeling.

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