从鲁认『锦溪日记』记录看端午文化的地域特征与多元性
The regional features and diversity of the Dragon boat festival culture seen from No-In Guemkye dairy
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中國的端午節通常指陰歷五月初五，人們為了紀念屈原，而舉行“競渡比賽、吃粽子”等活動。但查看中國地方誌等文獻記錄，卻發現其記錄與如今對端午的認識存在很大的差異。萬曆27年(1599)從日本逃離、輾轉到達福建的魯認所記錄的『錦溪日記』中，就生動地記錄了16世紀末福建地區的端午風俗，其內容超出了我們對端午的認知：第一，端午節並不是指五月初五當天，而是始於五月初一，有的地區甚至會舉行活動至五月十五日。第二，南方的端午節不可缺少通過“競渡比賽”和“投角飯”來舉行降神活動；北方地區卻將端午節稱為“女兒節”，以辟邪、避毒活動為主。第三，韓中端午慶典中，朝鮮有對漢代以田橫為首的五百義士進行紀念，並舉行盪鞦韆等活動，與屈原毫無關系。最後，16世紀福建地區對端午節的重視程度遠遠超過了其他節日：佳節奇觀，莫此為盛。總之，通過對魯認『錦溪日記』等相關文獻的分析，對於了解中國各地區端午節的多元性和豐富性、韓中兩國端午節各自的特點、端午風俗的流行程度及因時空差異而產生不同端午風俗的正確理解，皆極有幫助。
Abstract
In general, the Dragon Boat Festival in China is outlined as May 5th, QuYuan, JingDu math: 'dragon boat race', 'Eat Zongzi' to celebrate him. However, if we take a look at ancient literature records, including the Chinese provinces, it reveals that there is a significant difference from this perception. GeumKye Diary by No-In, who escaped from Japan in Wanli 27(1599) and came to Fujian Province, vividly describes Fujian's tradition of Dragon Boat Festival from the late 16th century in detail. However, the content goes beyond the common sense that we know about. First, the Dragon Boat Festival does not start on May 5th. It begins on May 1st, some regions even hold events until May 15th. Second, in the southern part of China, during the Dragon Boat Festival, people do 'dragon boat race' and Zongzi throwing, whereas the northern part of the country calls the Dragon Boat Festival ‘Girl’s Day,’ mainly performing walk activities. Third, during Korean-Chinese Dragon Boat Festival, Korea holds memorial activities for 500 righteous ancestors, including Tian Heng. It has nothing to do with QuYuan. Lastly, Fujan’s emphasis on the Dragon Boat Festival overwhelms other holidays. In conclusion, through GeumKye Dairy by No In, one can grasp pluralism and abundance of the Dragon Boat Festival in each Chinese region, uniqueness of Korean-Chinese Dragon Boat Festival, and trends of the Dragon Boat Festival, which are significantly helpful in grasping the contents of the different Dragon Boat Festival traditions in each era.
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