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과학기술 관련 사회쟁점 교육을 위한 교과교육학적 지식(SSI-PCK) 요소에 대한 탐색

Conceptualization of an SSI-PCK Framework for Teaching Socioscientific Issues

이현주
한국과학교육학회 (The Korean Association for Science Education)|2016.08|한국과학교육학회지 (Journal of the Korean Association for Science Education)|제36권 제4호|pp. 539-550|DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.14697/jkase.2016.36.4.0539

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참고문헌

키워드

PCK과학교사SSI 교육Science Teachers교과교육학 지식과학기술 관련 사회쟁점SSI 교수Socioscientific IssuesSSI teachingSSI education
주제분류교육학

초록

본 연구는 교사들의 SSI 교수를 돕기 위해 SSI 교수를 위한 PCK 요소를 도출하여 이론적으로 개념화하는데 목적이 있다. 이를 위해, 기존 PCK의 틀 내에서 SSI 교수와 관련된 문헌분석을 통해 SSI-PCK 의 요소를 도출하였고, 관련 선행 연구 자료의 재분석을 통해 그 타당 성을 검증하였다. 연구 결과, SSI-PCK에는 6개 주요 요소, 즉 SSI 교수지향, SSI 교수 방법에 관한 지식, 교육과정에 관한 지식, 학생의 SSI 학습에 관한 지식, SSI 학습 평가에 관한 지식, 학습 환경에 관한 지식이 도출되었다. 첫째, SSI 교수지향은 교사가 학생들에게 SSI를 가르치는 목적 및 목표를 의미하는 것으로, 학생 중심 활동, 지식과 고등사고능력, 실생활과의 연결, 과학 및 기술의 본성, 시민역량 및인성, 사회적 실천의 6가지 하위 요소들이 있다. 둘째, SSI 교수 방법에 관한 지식은 SSI 수업을 운영하는데 필요한 교수⋅학습 방법론적 지식을 의미하며, SSI 수업 설계, 진보적 교수전략, 협력적 수업 환경 조성의 3가지 하위 요소들이 있다. 셋째, 교육과정에 관한 지식은 SSI 와 국가 수준의 교육과정과의 연관성에 관한 지식을 의미하며, 과학 교육과정과의 수평적/수직적 연계성, 타교과와의 연계성의 2가지 하위 요소들을 포함한다. 넷째, 학생의 SSI 학습에 관한 지식은 SSI 수업에 참여하는 학생들의 특성 및 학습 과정에 대한 지식으로, SSI 학습 경험, SSI 학습 시 겪는 어려움, SSI 추론의 특성에 관한 지식의 3가지 하위 요소로 구성되어 있다. 다섯 번째, SSI 학습 평가에 대한 지식은 SSI 수업에서는 어떠한 영역에 평가의 초점을 두어야 하며 어떠한 평가 방법을 적용할 수 있는지에 대해 지식으로, 평가 영역과 평가 방법에 대한 지식으로 구성되어 있다. 마지막으로, 학습 환경에 관한 지식은 SSI 교수를 위한 학습 환경에 관한 지식으로, 교실 환경, 학교 환경과 지역사회 환경의 3가지 하위 요소들이 있다. 본 연구는 SSI를 도입하는 교사들의 전문성과 자신감을 함양하는 방안을 마련 하는 기초가 될 것으로 기대된다.

Abstract

The purpose of the study is to conceptualize SSI-PCK by identifying major components and sub-components to promote science teachers’ confidence and knowledge on teaching SSIs. To achieve this, I conducted extensive literature reviews on teachers’ perceptions on SSI, case studies of teachers addressing SSIs, SSI instructional strategies, etc. as well as PCK. Results indicate that SSI-PCK include six major components: 1) Orientation for Teaching SSI (OTS), 2) Knowledge of Instructional Strategies for Teaching SSI (KIS), 3) Knowledge of Curriculum (KC), 4) Knowledge of Students’ SSI Learning (KSL), 5) Knowledge of Assessment in SSI Learning (KAS), and 6) Knowledge of Learning Contexts (KLC). OTS refers to teachers’ instructional goals and intentions for teaching SSIs. Teachers often present a) activity-driven, b) knowledge and higher order thinking skills, c) application of science in everyday life, d) nature of science and technology, e) citizenship and f) activism orientations for teaching SSIs. KIS indicates teachers’ instructional knowledge required for effectively designing and implementing SSI lessons. It includes a) SSI lesson design, b) utilizing progressive instructional strategies, and c) constructing collaborative classroom cultures. KC refers to teachers’ knowledge on a) connection to science curriculum (horizontal/vertical) and b) connection to other subject matters. KSL refers to teachers’ knowledge on a) learner experiences in SSI learning, b) difficulties in SSI learning, and c) SSI reasoning patterns. KAS indicates teachers’ knowledge on a) dimensions of SSI learning to assess, and b) methods of assessing SSI learning. Finally, KLC refers to teachers’ knowledge on the cultures of a) classrooms, b) schools, and c) community and society where they are located when teaching SSIs.

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