건강한 성인의 자기효능감, 사회적 자본과 지각된 건강수준과의 관련성
Associations between Self-Efficacy, Social Capital and Self-Rated Health Status in Healthy Individuals
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연구배경: 자기효능감과 사회적 자본이 인구사회학적특성을 보정한 이후에도 서로 관련이 있는지와 이들 두 가지 변수가 인구사회학적 특성, 건강행태 등을 보정한 이후에도 지각된 건강수준에 영향을 미치는지를 보기 위하여수행되었다. 방법: 경남의 지역민들을 무작위로 6,500명 선정하여 일대일 직접 면접 설문조사하였고, 조사 후 본인이 인지한의사진단 만성질환(고혈압, 당뇨병, 심장질환, 뇌졸중, 관절염, 암 등)을 앓고 있다고 응답한 자를 제외한 3,843명을대상으로 연구되었다. 연구에 사용된 변수는 인구사회학적 특성, 건강행태, 자기효능감, 사회적 자본(신뢰, 참여),지각된 건강수준 등이다. 결과: 남자에서는 인구사회학적 특성을 보정한 후, 신뢰여부와 자기효능감 중 자신감, 과제난이도 선호 등이 양의관련성이 있었고 참여 여부와 독립적인 관련성이 있는 변수는 자신감, 자기조절효능감과 과제난이도 선호였는데,이 중 자신감은 음의 관련성이 있었으며 나머지 두 개의변수는 양의 관련성이 있었다. 여자 역시 보정한 후 다중로지스틱 회귀분석 결과에서 신뢰여부는 자신감, 자기조절효능감, 과제난이도 선호 모두와 관련이 있었는데 자기조절효능감은 음의 관련성이 있었으며 나머지 두 개의 변수는 양의 관련성이 있었다. 참여 여부는 과제난이도 선호와 독립적인 양의 관련성이 있었다. 인구사회학적변수와건강행태로 보정한 위계적 다중로지스틱 회귀분석 결과, 남자는 자신감이 높을수록(95% confidence interval, CI 1.088-1.705),지역민이 신뢰가 있을수록(95% CI 1.172-1.821), 그리고 사회활동 참여가 1개 이상일수록(95% CI 1.268-2.117) 건강수준이 양호하였고, 여자는 자신감이 높을수록(95% CI 1.250-1.803), 과제난이도 선호 점수가 높을수록(95% CI 1.019-1.683), 그리고 사회생활 참여가 있을수록(95% CI 1.024-1.555) 지각된 건강수준이 양호하였다. 결론: 이상의 연구결과를 바탕으로 지역의 사회적 자본을 높이는 것이 개인의 자기효능감 향상이라는 사회심리적 요인에도 영향을 주고 나아가서 이들이 지각된 건강수준을 향상시킬 것이다.
Abstract
Background: Discrepancies exist in the existing researches regarding the association between social capital and self-efficacy, and most of these researches have been done in developed countries. The aims of this study were to assess the independent association between individual social capital and self-efficacy and to assess the associations between individual social capital, self-efficacy and self-rated health. Methods: Data were obtained from the Gyeongnam health survey (6,500 persons) conducted in 2008. A self-administered questionnaire was additionally administered to gather information on demographic variables,health behaviors, chronic diseases, self-efficacy, social capital, and self-rated health status. Total study population was 3,843 as those with chronic diseases were excluded. Results: In males, trust was positively associated with confidence and preference to task difficulty, and participation was negatively associated with confidence and positively associated with regulation and preference to task difficulty. In females, trust was positively associated with confidence and preference to task difficulty and negatively associated with regulation. Participation was positively associated with preference to task difficulty. In males, the odds for self-rated health status was better for persons with confidence (95% confidence interval,CI 1.088-1.705), trust (95% CI 1.172-1.821) and participation (95% CI 1.268-2.117). In females, the odds for self-rated health status was better for those with confidence (95% CI 1.250-1.803), preference of task difficulty (95%CI 1.019-1.683) and participation (95% CI 1.024-1.555). Conclusions: High social capital measured at an individual level may promote self-efficacy and health status.
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