Small for gestational age and obesity: epidemiology and general risks
2
조회
0
다운로드
1
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
Children born small for gestational age (SGA) have several life-long consequences. Previous epidemiological studies investigated from childhood to adulthood reported that a number of chronic diseases originate in the prenatal period. With the emerging era of obesity epidemic, more concerns are related to being obese than being short-statured in SGA children. The exact mechanisms are uncertain; however, growth hormone-insulin-like growth factor axis disturbance by fetal programming and accelerated postnatal weight gain contributed to central adiposity in SGA children. In this review, we summarized the definitions and prevalence of SGA, epidemiology, and general risks of obesity in SGA children. Early interventions, before and after birth, are needed for healthy catch-up growth to prevent later obesity and related complications.
Abstract
Children born small for gestational age (SGA) have several life-long consequences. Previous epidemiological studies investigated from childhood to adulthood reported that a number of chronic diseases originate in the prenatal period. With the emerging era of obesity epidemic, more concerns are related to being obese than being short-statured in SGA children. The exact mechanisms are uncertain; however, growth hormone-insulin-like growth factor axis disturbance by fetal programming and accelerated postnatal weight gain contributed to central adiposity in SGA children. In this review, we summarized the definitions and prevalence of SGA, epidemiology, and general risks of obesity in SGA children. Early interventions, before and after birth, are needed for healthy catch-up growth to prevent later obesity and related complications.
참고문헌 (45)
- Clayton PE, "Management of the child born small for gestational age through to adulthood: a consensus statement of the International Societies of Pediatric Endocrinology and the Growth Hormone Research Society", J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 92, pp.804~810 (2007)[DOI]
- McCowan L, "Risk factors for small for gestational age infants", Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol, 23, pp.779~793 (2009)[DOI]
- Ananth CV, "Placental abruption and adverse perinatal outcomes", JAMA, 282, pp.1646~1651 (1999)[DOI]
- Fowles ER, "Prenatal nutrition and birth outcomes", J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs, 33, pp.809~822 (2004)[DOI]
- Hales CN, "Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus: the thrifty phenotype hypothesis", Diabetologia, 35, pp.595~601 (1992)[DOI]
- Greer CF, "Intrauterine growth as estimated from liveborn birth-weight data at 24 to 42 weeks of gestation, by Lula O. Lubchenco et al, Pediatrics, 1963;32:793-800", Pediatrics, 102(1), pp.237~239 (1998)
- [URL]
- Hediger ML, "Muscularity and fatness of infants and young children born small- or large-for-gestationalage", Pediatrics, 102, pp.E60~ (1998)[DOI]
- Chen Y, "Update on the birth weight standard and its diagnostic value in small for gestational age (SGA) infants in China", J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med, 30, pp.801~807 (2017)[DOI]
- 임정섭, "New Korean reference for birth weight by gestational age and sex: data from the Korean Statistical Information Service (2008–2012)", Annals of Pediatric Endocrinology & Metabolism, 19(3), pp.146~153 (2014), 대한소아내분비학회
- Cho WK, "Current growth status and metabolic parameters of Korean adolescents born small for gestational age: results from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (KNHANES) 2010-2011", Pediatr Int, 56, pp.344~348 (2014)[DOI]
- Martin LJ, "Country-specific vs. common birthweightfor-gestational age references to identify small for gestational age infants born at 24-28 weeks: an international study", Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol, 30, pp.450~461 (2016)[DOI]
- Karlberg J, "Growth in full-term small-for-gestational-age infants: from birth to final height", Pediatr Res, 38, pp.733~739 (1995)[DOI]
- Westwood M, "Growth and development of full-term nonasphyxiated small-for-gestational-age newborns: follow-up through adolescence", Pediatrics, 71, pp.376~382 (1983)
- Binkin NJ, "Birth weight and childhood growth", Pediatrics, 82, pp.828~834 (1988)
- Harder T, "Birth weight and subsequent risk of type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis", Am J Epidemiol, 165, pp.849~857 (2007)[DOI]
- Kramer MS, "Is restricted fetal growth associated with later adiposity? Observational analysis of a randomized trial", Am J Clin Nutr, 100, pp.176~181 (2014)[DOI]
- Lieberman E, "Low birthweight at term and the timing of fetal exposure to maternal smoking", Am J Public Health, 84, pp.1127~1131 (1994)[DOI]
- Pietrantoni M, "Alcohol use in pregnancy", Clin Perinatol, 18, pp.93~111 (1991)[DOI]
- Ravelli GP, "Obesity in young men after famine exposure in utero and early infancy", N Engl J Med, 295, pp.349~353 (1976)[DOI]
- Hult M, "Hypertension, diabetes and overweight: looming legacies of the Biafran famine", PLoS One, 5, pp.e13582~ (2010)[DOI]
- Garofano A, "In utero undernutrition impairs rat beta-cell development", Diabetologia, 40, pp.1231~1234 (1997)[DOI]
- Roth CL, "Mechanisms affecting neuroendocrine and epigenetic regulation of body weight and onset of puberty: potential implications in the child born small for gestational age (SGA)", Rev Endocr Metab Disord, 13, pp.129~140 (2012)[DOI]
- Johnston LB, "Association between insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) polymorphisms, circulating IGF-I, and pre- and postnatal growth in two European small for gestational age populations", J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 88, pp.4805~4810 (2003)[DOI]
- Hattersley AT, "Mutations in the glucokinase gene of the fetus result in reduced birth weight", Nat Genet, 19, pp.268~270 (1998)[DOI]
- Iniguez G, "IGF-IR signal transduction protein content and its activation by IGF-I in human placentas: relationship with gestational age and birth weight", PLoS One, 9, pp.e102252~ (2014)[DOI]
- Bourque DK, "Decreased placental methylation at the H19", IGF2 imprinting control region is associated with normotensive intrauterine growth restriction but not preeclampsia, 2010, pp.31, 197~202
- Hokken-Koelega AC, "Children born small for gestational age: do they catch up?", Pediatr Res, 38, pp.267~271 (1995)[DOI]
- Cianfarani S, "Insulin resistance and insulin-like growth factors in children with intrauterine growth retardation. Is catchup growth a risk factor?", Horm Res, 55(Suppl 1), pp.7~10 (2001)
- Forsen T, "The fetal and childhood growth of persons who develop type 2 diabetes", Ann Intern Med, 133, pp.176~182 (2000)
- Veening MA, "Glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity, and insulin secretion in children born small for gestational age", J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 87, pp.4657~4661 (2002)[DOI]
- Soto N, "Insulin sensitivity and secretion are related to catch-up growth in small-for-gestational-age infants at age 1 year: results from a prospective cohort", J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 88, pp.3645~3650 (2003)[DOI]
- Vickers MH, "Sedentary behavior during postnatal life is determined by the prenatal environment and exacerbated by postnatal hypercaloric nutrition", Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol, 285, pp.R271~R273 (2003)[DOI]
- Jaquet D, "High serum leptin concentrations during catch-up growth of children born with intrauterine growth retardation", J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 84, pp.1949~1953 (1999)
- Iniguez G, "Fasting and post-glucose ghrelin levels in SGA infants: relationships with size and weight gain at one year of age", J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 87, pp.5830~5833 (2002)[DOI]
- Biosca M, "Central adiposity in children born small and large for gestational age", Nutr Hosp, 26, pp.971~976 (2011)
- Crume TL, "The long-term impact of intrauterine growth restriction in a diverse U.S. cohort of children: the EPOCH study", Obesity (Silver Spring), 22, pp.608~615 (2014)[DOI]
- Dulloo AG, "An adipose-specific control of thermogenesis in body weight regulation", Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 25(Suppl 5), pp.S22~S29 (2001)
- Crescenzo R, "A role for suppressed thermogenesis favoring catch-up fat in the pathophysiology of catch-up growth", Diabetes, 52, pp.1090~1097 (2003)[DOI]
- Reilly JJ, "Early life risk factors for obesity in childhood: cohort study", BMJ, 330, pp.1357~ (2005)[DOI]
- Rolland-Cachera MF, "Adiposity rebound in children: a simple indicator for predicting obesity", Am J Clin Nutr, 39, pp.129~135 (1984)[DOI]
- Jimenez-Chillaron JC, "Reductions in caloric intake and early postnatal growth prevent glucose intolerance and obesity associated with low birthweight", Diabetologia, 49, pp.1974~1984 (2006)[DOI]
- Ekelund U, "Upward weight percentile crossing in infancy and early childhood independently predicts fat mass in young adults: the Stockholm Weight Development Study (SWEDES)", Am J Clin Nutr, 83, pp.324~330 (2006)[DOI]
- Ibanez L, "Early development of adiposity and insulin resistance after catchup weight gain in small-for-gestational-age children", J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 91, pp.2153~2158 (2006)[DOI]
- Mericq V, "Longitudinal changes in insulin sensitivity and secretion from birth to age three years in small- and appropriate-forgestational-age children", Diabetologia, 48, pp.2609~2614 (2005)[DOI]
