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Comparison of anthropometric, metabolic, and body compositional abnormalities in Korean children and adolescents born small, appropriate, and large for gestational age: a population-based study from KNHANES V (2010–2011)

김유미|임한혁|Lee Tae Kwan
대한소아내분비학회 (Korean Society Of Pediatric Endocrinology)|2024.02|Annals of Pediatric Endocrinology & Metabolism|제29권 제1호|pp. 29-37|DOI 10.6065/apem.2346044.022

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키워드

ObesityMetabolic syndromeSmall for gestational age
주제분류소아과학

초록

Purpose: The impacts of growth restriction and programming in the fetal stage on metabolic and bone health in children and adolescents are poorly understood. Moreover, there is insufficient evidence for the relationship between current growth status and metabolic components. Herein, we compared the growth status, metabolic and body compositions, and bone mineral density in Korean children and adolescents based on birth weight at gestational age.Methods: We studied 1,748 subjects (272 small for gestational age [SGA], 1,286 appropriate for gestational age [AGA], and 190 large for gestational age [LGA]; 931 men and 817 women) aged 10–18 years from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) V (2010–2011). Anthropometric measurements, fasting blood biochemistry, and body composition data were analyzed according to birth weight and gestational age.Results: The prevalence of low birth weight (14.7% vs. 1.2% in AGA and 3.2% in LGA, <i>p</i><0.001) and current short stature (2.237 [1.296–3.861] compared to AGA, <i>p</i>=0.004) in SGA subjects was greater than that in other groups; however, the prevalence of overweight and obesity risks, metabolic syndrome (MetS), and MetS component abnormalities was not. Moreover, no significant differences were found in age- and sex-adjusted lean mass ratio, fat mass ratio, truncal fat ratio, bone mineral content, or bone density among the SGA, AGA, and LGA groups in Korean children and adolescents.Conclusion: Our data demonstrate that birth weight alone may not be a determining factor for body composition and bone mass in Korean children and adolescents. Further prospective and longitudinal studies in adults are necessary to confirm the impact of SGA on metabolic components and bone health.

Abstract

Purpose: The impacts of growth restriction and programming in the fetal stage on metabolic and bone health in children and adolescents are poorly understood. Moreover, there is insufficient evidence for the relationship between current growth status and metabolic components. Herein, we compared the growth status, metabolic and body compositions, and bone mineral density in Korean children and adolescents based on birth weight at gestational age. Methods: We studied 1,748 subjects (272 small for gestational age [SGA], 1,286 appropriate for gestational age [AGA], and 190 large for gestational age [LGA]; 931 men and 817 women) aged 10–18 years from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) V (2010–2011). Anthropometric measurements, fasting blood biochemistry, and body composition data were analyzed according to birth weight and gestational age. Results: The prevalence of low birth weight (14.7% vs. 1.2% in AGA and 3.2% in LGA, P<0.001) and current short stature (2.237 [1.296–3.861] compared to AGA, P=0.004) in SGA subjects was greater than that in other groups; however, the prevalence of overweight and obesity risks, metabolic syndrome (MetS), and MetS component abnormalities was not. Moreover, no significant differences were found in age- and sex-adjusted lean mass ratio, fat mass ratio, truncal fat ratio, bone mineral content, or bone density among the SGA, AGA, and LGA groups in Korean children and adolescents. Conclusion: Our data demonstrate that birth weight alone may not be a determining factor for body composition and bone mass in Korean children and adolescents. Further prospective and longitudinal studies in adults are necessary to confirm the impact of SGA on metabolic components and bone health.

참고문헌 (40)

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