암환자의 삶의 질에 미치는 영향 요인
Factors that Influence Quality of Life in Cancer Patients
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연구배경 최근 들어 암환자의 치료율이 높아지면서 암은 일종의 만성질환으로 계속적인 관리를 필요로 할 뿐만 아니라, 투병생활과정 중 경험하는 주관적인 삶의 질을 증진시켜 주는 것이 무엇보다 중요하게 대두되고 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 암환자의 삶의 질에 영향을 미치는 요인을 확인하여 삶의 질을 증진시키기 위한 기초자료를 마련하고자 한다. 방 법 본 연구는 서술적 인과관계 연구로 일개 대학병원 종양혈액내과에 입원중이거나 외래환자 중 화학요법을 받는 환자 131명을 대상으로 하였다. 자료 수집은 자기기입식 설문조사와 일대일 면접방법을 병행하였으며, 수집된 자료는 SPSS Win 13.0 프로그램을 이용하여 기술적 통계, t-test, 상관관계, 요인 및 다중회귀 분석을 하였다. 결 과 암환자의 삶의 질에 영향을 미치는 주요 요인은 지각된 건강상태(β=.393), 통증(β=-.233), 암재발에 대한 민감성과 심각성(β=-.215), 자가간호역량(β=.200), 자기효능(β=.179)이었으며, 이들 요인으로 암환자의 삶의 질을 59.1% 설명하였다. 결 론 본 연구 결과에서 확인된 암환자의 삶의 질에 미치는 영향요인은 암환자들의 삶의 질을 증진시키는 직․간접적인 간호중재방안으로 활용할 수 있다. 특히 지각된 건강상태가 삶의 질에 가장 큰 영향을 미치므로 주관적으로 지각하는 신체적 안녕을 증진시키는 적절한 간호중재방안 모색을 제언한다.
Abstract
Background This study was aimed to identify factors that influence the quality of life in cancer patients and to made this data available for nursing to improve patient-care. Methods Our sample included 131 cancer patients who were treated as outpatients or were hospitalised in a university hospital located in Seoul. Instruments used in this study were adopted from several scales- quality of life, social support, self-esteem, perceived health status, self-care, hope, self-efficacy, and perceived susceptibility․severity, and thoroughly modified to verify reliability and validity. Results Factors influencing quality of life were perceived health status (β=.393), pain (β=..233), perceived susceptibility․severity (β=.215), self-care (β=.200), and self-efficacy (β=.179). which explained was 59.1%. Conclusions Perceived health status, pain, perceived susceptibility, severity, self-care, and self-efficacy were identified as important variables in the quality of life of cancer patients.
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