유방암 생존자의 삶의 질 영향요인
The Influencing Factors on Quality of Life among Breast Cancer Survivors
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초록
본 연구는 유방암 생존자의 삶의 질에 영향 미치는 요인을 파악하기 위한 서술적 관계연구이다. 연구 대상자는 B광역시에 소재한 1개 대학병원과 1개 종합병원에서 유방암으로 유방절제술이나 부분절제술을 받고 항암화학요법, 방사선치료 등의 치료가 종료된 후 추후관리를 위해 외래로 내원한 여성 환자 159명으로 하였다. 자료수집 기간은 2009년 2월 1일에서 3월 13일까지였으며, 자료수집 방법은 B시에 소재한 1개 대학병원과 1개 종합병원의 해당 기관장의 승인을 받고 대상자를 만나 연구 목적 및 취지를 설명한 후, 연구 참여에 동의한 환자에게 설문지를 직접 작성하게 하였다. 연구도구로 삶의 질 측정, 불확실성 측정, 신체상, 자아존중감 및 가족지지 측정 도구를사용하였다. 자료분석 방법은 SPSS WIN 12.0 프로그램을 이용하여 실수, 백분율, 평균, 평균평점, 표준편차, 최대값, 최소값, t-test, ANOVA와 Sheffe’s test, Pearson’s Correlation Coefficients 및 Multiple Stepwise Regression으로 분석하였다. 유방암 생존자의 삶의 질은 중간정도로 나타났고, 유방암 생존자의 삶의 질에 영향 미치는 변수는 신체상, 불확실성, 지각한 건강상태로 나타났으므로, 유방암 생존자의 삶의 질을 증진시키기 위해서는 신체상을 높이고, 불확실성을 관리하며, 자신의 신체를 건강하게 지각할 수 있도록 돕는 간호 중재가 필요하다고 본다. 앞으로 유방암 생존자의 삶의 질 영향요인으로서 설명력이 높은 다른 변인들을 추가한 반복 연구가 필요하며 동시에 이들에 영향을 미치는 변수들을 고려한 삶의 질 증진 중재프로그램을 개발하고 그 효과를 검증해 볼 필요가 있을 것이다.
Abstract
Purpose: This study was aimed to identify the influencing factors on the quality of life among breast cancer survivors. Methods: The subjects were 159 female patients who visited out-patient department (OPD) after the mass removal surgery for breast cancer and had completed adjuvant treatments such as chemotherapy, radiation therapy at a university hospital and a general hospital. Data collection was conducted using the Ferrell QOL scale, the Mishel uncertainty scale, the Fitts & Osgoods body image scale revised by Jeon & Kim. the Rosenberg self-esteem scale, and the Kang family support scale. Results: The level of QOL in the participants was in the middle. There were a significant correlation between QOL, uncertainty, self-esteem, and family support. There were significant differences in QOL with the perceived health condition and the best support person. In a regression analysis, the most powerful predictor of QOL was body image (21.7%). Altogether uncertainty and perceived health condition explained 28.6% of the variance of QOL of the participants. Conclusion: Body image, uncertainty, and perceived health condition were important predictors of QOL. These results demonstrated the need for developing interventions to improve QOL of breast cancer survivors.
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