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노인 허약 및 인지 저하의 요인과 중재 방법: 체계적 고찰

Factors of Frailty and Cognitive Decline in Elderly and Methods of Intervention: A Systematic Review

박지혁|박지현
한국노인작업치료학회 (Korean Society for Geriatric Occupational Therapy)|2021.06|한국노인작업치료학회지 (Korea Journal of Geriatric Occupational Therapy)|제3권 제1호|pp. 17-28|DOI 10.23189/yksgot.2021.3.1.002

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키워드

노인인지Elderly허약FrailtyFactor요소Cognitive decline인지 저하

초록

목적 : 본 연구는 노인의 허약 관련 요소들이 인지 저하와 어떤 상관관계가 있는지에 대한 체계적 문헌고찰을 실시하고 허약 노인의 중재를 위한 기초 자료를 제공하고자 한다. 연구방법 : 2011년 1월부터 2021년 1월까지 PubMed, Embase, CINAHL을 사용하여 최종 8편의 무작 위대조시험(RCT) 연구를 선정했다. 중재를 진행한 실험연구와 중재를 진행하지 않은 관찰 연구 모두 수집했으며, 노인 허약 및 인지 저하의 위험요소에 대항하여 기능 향상에 도움이 되는 중재법을 고찰했다. 결과 : 허약 노인의 위험요소인 골격근, 염증, 영양, 우울증, 호르몬은 인지 저하와 연관성이 있는 것으로 나타났으며 중재는 신체 운동, 식이 조절, 문제 해결 요법을 각각 단일로 적용한 것과 다영역으로 적용한 것으로 구분된다. 결론 : 본 연구를 통하여 노인 허약 요소들이 신체 능력 감소와 더불어 인지적 취약성에 미치는 영향을 확인했다. 또한 두 영역을 포함한 복합적인 다영역 중재가 유용한 전략이 될 수 있음을 확인했다. 신체, 인지, 영양을 포함한 다영역 중재로 노인 허약의 예방 및 중재 방법을 제시한다.

Abstract

Objective : The purpose of this study was to examine how frailty-related factors in older adults correlate with cognitive decline and provide basic data for multidisciplinary mediation in older adults. Methods : We searched the PubMed, Embase and CINAHL databases, from January 2011 to January 2021. Eight randomized controlled trial were found. Both clinical trial studies that conducted interventions in research and observation studies without intervention were collected, and the interventions were considered to help guard against the risk factors of frail elderly and cognitive decline. Results : Skeletal muscle, inflammation, nutrition, depression and hormones which were the risk factors of frail elderly were analyzed, and the defects were found to be physically and cognitively related. The single intervention about physical exercise, diet, PST was allied separately and included all of these, multidisciplinary intervention was confirmed. Conclusion : Through this study. we identified that the factor of frail in older adults could reduce physical ability and it made cognitive decline. We also confirmed multidisciplinary interventions including those two domains, that focus on the body, cognition, and nutrition can help prevent frail syndrome.

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