지역사회 거주 허약 노인의 라이프스타일 중재의 효과: 체계적 고찰
The Effect of Lifestyle Intervention in the Frail Elderly in the Community: A Systematic Review
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목적 : 지역사회에 거주하는 허약 노인을 대상으로 라이프스타일 중재의 효과를 알아본 연구를 체계적으로 고찰하고, 중재의 방법과 효과를 분석하여 경향을 파악하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 연구방법 : 2002년 1월부터 2021년 1월까지 국외 학술지에 게재된 논문을 데이터베이스 Embase, CINAHL, Scopus, PubMed을 통하여 검색하였다. 선정 기준에 따라 최종적으로 7편의 연구를 체계적으로 고찰하였으며, 근거중심 물리치료 데이터베이스 등급(PEDro Scale)을 사용하여 문헌의 질을 평가하였다. 결과 : 7편의 연구를 허약 노인과 허약하고 비만인 노인으로 구분해 라이프스타일 중재의 효과를 분석하였을 때, 허약 노인을 대상으로 한 5편의 연구 중 3편의 연구와 허약하고 비만인 노인을 대상으로 한 연구 2편 중 일부 실험군에서 유의미한 결과 차이가 발견되었다. 중재 프로그램은 유산소 운동, 균형, 근력 등의 신체 영역, 체중 조절, 식습관 조절 등의 식이 영역, 영양제 섭취에 관한 영양 영역과 마지막으로 기억력, 집중력, 처리 기술, 추론과 같은 인지 영역이 있었다. 이 중에서 신체 영역의 중재를 적용한 경우가 가장 많았고, 신체적 요인을 평가하는 도구 또한 가장 많이 사용되었다. 결론 : 본 연구를 통해 지역사회 거주 허약 노인을 대상으로 하는 라이프스타일 중재를 설계하는 과정에 도움이 될 것으로 사료된다. 향후 장기적인 중재 효과의 측정과 환경, 활동 영역을 포함한 다면적인 라이프스타일 중재 제공에 대한 연구가 이루어져야 하고, 중재 인력으로서 작업치료사의 적극적인 개입도 바람직 할 것으로 보인다
Abstract
Objective : The purpose of this study was to systematically review studies that have identified the effects of lifestyle interventions in frail elderly living in the community. Methods : From January 2002 to January 2021, we searched for publications through databases such as Embase, CINAHL, Scopus, and PubMed. Finally, seven papers were selected and reviewed systematically. Results : As a result of analyzing the effects of lifestyle interventions by dividing the seven studies in terms of the frail and the frail with obese elderly, three out of five and a few of the two study groups of each study showed significant differences between the experimental and control groups. Intervention programs were categorized into physical, dietary, nutritional, and cognitive domains. Intervention in physical factors was the most common. Conclusion : This study is expected to assist in designing lifestyle interventions for frail elderly living in the community. Further studies should be conducted to provide multifaceted lifestyle interventions including environmental and activity domains in the future. More active participation by occupational therapists in lifestyle interventions in frail elderly also recommended.
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