『史記』“謗書”說之補論―以「平准」「匈奴」「貨殖」「遊俠」四篇為中心
A Complement to the Theory that Shi Ji(史記) Is a Slander Book
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《史記》謗書說」最早出自《後漢書》中王充的言論。歷代學者多依據班固的觀點從《貨殖列傳》、《平準書》與《遊俠列傳》三篇內容來考察「謗書」的問題。筆者認為《匈奴列傳》應當納入考察的範圍，且基於這四篇文章的內容的分析，認為司馬遷主要批評漢武帝兩點，第一不明白通變的道理，第二因為漢武帝常年打仗，導致整個社會仁義消亡，而司馬遷又是親身經歷了社會仁義消失的不良後果，所以對社會任曦消失的問題的反思寫在了《遊俠列傳》中。同時，《史記》是不是謗書的問題，這裏的「謗」字不是誹謗是意思，只是對當時不良政治的批評而已。以上就是本文的主要內容。
Abstract
The theory that “Shi ji(史記)”, is a slander book was first put forward from Wang Chong's remarks in "Hou han shu(後漢書) ". Ban Gu examined through “Huo zhi lie zhuan(貨殖列傳)“, “Ping zhun shu(平准書)”, and “You xia lie zhuan(遊俠列傳)” that Shiji is a slander book, and scholars in the past mostly followed Ban Gu's point of view. The author believes that "Xiong nu lie zhuan(匈奴列傳)" should be included in the scope of investigation. Based on the analysis of the contents of these four articles, “Si ma qian(司馬遷)” mainly criticized “Han wu di(漢武帝)” from two perspectives. First, “Han wu di（漢武帝）” doesn't understand the change of truth. Second, because of “Han wu di” often goes to war, which led to the demise of benevolence and righteousness in the whole society. And “Si ma qian” personally experienced the adverse consequences of the disappearance of social benevolence and righteousness, so his reflection on the disappearance of social benevolence and righteousness was written in the “You xia lie zhuan(游侠列传)”.At the same time, speaking of the whether the “Shi Ji(史記)” is a slander book(謗書) or not, the word "謗(bàng)” here doesn’t mean “slander, calumniate, libel”, it means just a “criticism of bad politics at that time”.The above is the main content of this paper.
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